during the last few decades of the twentieth century, many research studies have been carried out in order to delve into the construct-irrelevant factors affecting language test performance of efl/esl learners. in line with this orientation and on the basis of some relevant assumptions made by scholars like bachman (1990), shohamy et al. ( 1993), bachman et al, ( 1996), etc. , the study reporte...

Research on English phrasal verbs indicates that these lexical units are problematic and hence difficult to deal with by EFL learners. Thus, one common strategy learners use when encountering is avoidance: i.e. simply avoid decoding them in spoken or written content as well using their own speech writing. This study examines whether contextual cues, context surrounding verbs, could be of any he...

We administered six functional intelligibility tests, i.e., spoken and written versions of (i) an isolated word recognition test, (ii) a cloze test at the sentence level and (iii) a picture-to-text matching task at the paragraph level. The scores on these functional tests were compared with each other and with intersubjective measures obtained for the same materials through opinion testing, i.e...

listening skill and speaking skill, according language didactics, have close interaction in lingual communications. therefore, measuring listening comprehension without considering other language skills seems to be difficult. the present study is an effort to compare the effectiveness of oral and written multiple-choice listening tests for persian language learners. in fact, this study answers ...

In the 1st part of the experiment, older and younger adults read a series of high-cloze sentence frames, each missing its final word (e.g., "She ladled the soup into her____."). Subjects were instructed to predict the ending for each. For critical sentences, the predicted final word (bowl) was not shown. Instead, an unexpected but acceptable ending (lap) was provided as the target. On a subsequ...