Purpose: Hydroxychloroquine is widely used for long-term treatment of rheumatic diseases, but the drug can trigger irreversible toxic retinopathy. We studied prevalence of, and risk factors for, hydroxychloroquine retinopathy in patients with dry eye symptoms we introduce a representative case.Methods: retrospectively cohort 133 rheumatological who had taken at least 12 months visited our ophth...

Electroretinography is a useful tool used in diagnosing retinal disorders. Refractive errors are common and increasing group of abnormalities, which, if undiagnosed, may lead to complications. Physiologically, i.e., refraction the child’s eye, evolves from myopic or hyperopic after birth, towards emmetropic. However, high refractive tend present with diseases. Early electroretinography great di...

PURPOSE To study the phenotype in two families with genetically identified autosomal dominant retinitis pigmentosa (adRP) focusing on macular structure and function. METHODS Clinical data were collected at the Department of Ophthalmology, Lund University, Sweden, for affected and unaffected family members from two pedigrees with adRP. Examinations included optical coherence tomography (OCT), ...

PURPOSE To evaluate the genotypic and phenotypic correlations of Bietti's crystalline dystrophy (BCD) in patients with the CYP4V2 gene by mutation screening and clinical and electrophysiological assessment. METHODS Eighteen Chinese patients in 13 families with BCD were recruited for full ophthalmic examinations, optical coherence tomography (OCT), and visual electrophysiological tests, includ...

OBJECTIVE To characterize clinical findings associated with a mutation in codon 195 (Arg195Leu) of the peripherin/RDS gene in a large multigeneration family of European decent. METHODS Sixteen members from 2 generations underwent ophthalmologic examination, including best-corrected visual acuity, examination of the anterior segments, and inspection of the ocular fundus after pharmacologic myd...

Abstract Background One of the major side effects Hydroxychloroquine (HCQ) is retinopathy. The aim this study was to evaluate Optical coherence tomography angiography (OCTA) parameters in a group patients who have Hydroxychloroquine-induced retinopathy based on Multifocal electroretinography (mfERG) with do not Method This Cross-Sectional Study. In study, Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) or Systemic l...

background: although multifocal and multicentric breast cancers are a common entity, their clinical behavior is not well characterized. with the widespread use of mammographic screening and improved sensitivity of imaging modalities, the detection of multifocal and multicentric breast cancers is likely to continuously increase. many studies have consistently shown a correlation between multifoc...