China is a country with severe water shortages. Water is becoming scarcer due to population growth, industrialization and urbanization. Recent studies show that by the next 50 years water resources per capita will go down to around 1700 m 3, which is the threshold of severe water scarcity. Especially in North China, water shortage has become a critical constraint factor for socioeconomic develo...

An environmental impact assessment is an assessment of the possible positive or negative impact that a proposed project may have on the environment, together consisting of the natural, social and economic aspects.  Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) of Masjid-I-Sulaiman desalination and operating unit’s project in the southern of Iran using Rapid Impact Assessment Matrix (RIAM) method is pre...

Seawater desalination for agricultural irrigation will be an important contributor to satisfying growing water demands in water scarce regions. Irrigated agriculture for food production drives global water demands, which are expected to increase while available supplies are further diminished. Implementation of reverse osmosis, the current leading technology for seawater desalination, has been ...

Seawater desalination facilities require an intake system capable of providing a reliable quantity of clean seawater with a minimum ecological impact. To meet these objectives, it is essential that a thorough assessment of site conditions be conducted. Physical characteristics, meteorological and oceanographic data, marine biology, and the potential effects of fouling, pollution, and navigation...

There is growing concern about the sustainability of groundwater supplies worldwide. In many regions, desalination—the conversion of saline water to freshwater— is viewed as a way to increase water supplies and reduce pressure on overdrawn aquifers. Using data from reports, articles, interviews, a survey, and a focus group, this paper examines if, and how, the adoption of desalination technolog...

We calculate the spectral function A ρ of the ρ meson in nuclear matter. The calculation is performed in the low density approximation , where the in-medium self energy Σ med is completely determined by the vacuum ρ N forward scattering amplitude. This amplitude is derived from a relativistic resonance model. In comparison to previous non-relativistic calculations we find a much weaker momentum...

We calculate the spectral function A ρ of the ρ meson in nuclear matter. The calculation is performed in the low density approximation , where the in-medium self energy Σ med is completely determined by the vacuum ρ N forward scattering amplitude. This amplitude is derived from a relativistic resonance model. In comparison to previous non-relativistic calculations we find a much weaker momentum...

Microbial desalination cells (MDCs) hold great promise for drinking water production because of potential energy savings during the desalination process. In this study, we developed a continuously operated MDC--upflow microbial desalination cell (UMDC) for the purpose of salt removal. During the 4-month operation, the UMDC constantly removed salts and generated bio-electricity. At a hydraulic r...

Abstract An analysis is reported of a geothermal-based electricity-freshwater system in which an organic Rankine cycle integrated with multi-effect distillation desalination unit. The driven by geothermal hot water extracted from the production well. Mass, energy, entropy, and exergy rate balances are written for all components, as energy efficiency expressions each subsystem. destruction assoc...