Microglial activation has turned out as one of the key factors during the disease process in neurodegenerative disorders. It has become clear that activated microglia contribute to the pathogenesis and progression of symptoms in a complex and multifaceted way, carrying out different functions which can affect the disease process in a positive or negative manner. We focus on neuroinflammation as...

Dialectal Arabic (DA) is significantly different from the Arabic language taught in schools and used in written communication and formal speech (broadcast news, religion, politics, etc.). There are many existing researches in the field of Arabic language Sentiment Analysis (SA); however, they are generally restricted to Modern Standard Arabic (MSA) or some dialects of economic or political inte...

several elegant methodological features, including the use of clinically accepted diagnostic criteria, distinction between “possible” and “probable” diagnostic levels of certitude, systematic use of the Unified Parkinson’s Disease Rating Scale (UPDRS) across diseases and probes of global vs. frontal cognitive function. These features allow inferences to be drawn about the impacts of disease sev...

The Algerian Arabic dialects are under-resourced languages, which lack both corpora and Natural Language Processing (NLP) tools, although they are increasingly used in written form, especially on social media and forums. We aim through this paper, and for the first time, to build parallel corpora for Algerian dialects, because our ultimate purpose is to achieve a Machine Translation (MT) for Mo...

Objectives—Urinary dysfunction is a prominent autonomic feature in Parkinson’s disease (PD) and multiple system atrophy (MSA), which is not only troublesome but also a cause of morbidity in these disorders. Recent advances in investigative uroneurology oVer a better insight into the underlying pathophysiology and appropriate management for urinary dysfunction. Methods—twenty one patients with P...

BACKGROUND Despite several lines of evidence from preclinical and post-mortem studies suggesting that inflammation is involved in Multiple System Atrophy (MSA), no previous studies have measured peripheral indices of inflammation in MSA patients. METHODS We measured C-reactive protein, interleukin (IL)-6, soluble IL-2 receptor and tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α in blood samples from MSA patien...

This paper presents two new results for multiplevalued switch-level algebra (MSA for short). The first is the use of MSA to descaibe the bidirectional switching function of MOS transistors and, thereby, to analyze binary MOS bridge Circuits. The second is the use of MSA to describe the function of capacitors and, thereby, to analyze binary MOS dynamic circuits. The results presented in this pap...

Multiple system atrophy (MSA) is an adult-onset sporadic progressive neurodegenerative disorder of unknown etiology. It is clinically characterized by the variable combination of autonomic failure, parkinsonism, cerebellar ataxia, and pyramidal signs. The present review summarizes up-to-date knowledge on the clinical diagnosis and molecular pathology of MSA. We also review the role of additiona...

BACKGROUND Differentiating idiopathic late-onset cerebellar ataxia (ILOCA) from ataxia due to the cerebellar subtype of multiple-system atrophy (MSA-C) can be difficult in the early stages of the disease METHODS The authors analyzed the levels of various CSF biomarkers in 27 patients with MSA-C and 18 patients with ILOCA and obtained cut-off points for each potential biomarker to differentiat...

Fig 2. A. ADC values of the middle cerebellar peduncle showed significant group differences (p<0.0001): MSA-c > MSA-p > PD = Normal. B. ADC values of the posterior putamen showed significant group differences (p<0.0001): MSA-p > MSA-c = PD = Normal. The MSA-mixed group (n=4) is not shown for the clarity. Error bar= 1 SD. C. SARA scores that assess the severity of cerebellar ataxia correlate sig...