BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE MR imaging is a sensitive diagnostic tool and paraclinical marker of disease activity and prognosis in multiple sclerosis (MS), yet the role of MR imaging of MS is controversial. The aim of this study was to describe the relationship between cognitive function and MS lesion size and position, as shown on comparative images from conventional spin-echo (CSE) and fast fluid-...

OBJECTIVES Investigating the potential of myelin repair strategies in multiple sclerosis (MS) requires an understanding of myelin dynamics during lesion evolution. The objective of this study is to longitudinally measure myelin water fraction (MWF), an MRI biomarker of myelin, in new MS lesions and to identify factors that influence their subsequent myelin content. METHODS Twenty-three MS pat...

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Multiple sclerosis (MS) disease processes in normal-appearing white matter (NAWM) may be different close to MR-visible lesions than farther from these lesions. We aimed to investigate the relationship of NAWM changes to the distance to the lesions. METHODS We measured B(1)-corrected T1 and magnetization transfer ratio (MTR) maps in 63 patients with MS (11 primary progre...

Multiple sclerosis (MS) is characterized by focal destruction of myelin sheaths, gliotic scars, and axonal damage that contributes to the accumulation of nonremitting clinical deficits. Previous studies have demonstrated coexpression of sodium channel Nav1.6 and the sodium-calcium exchanger (NCX), together with beta-amyloid precursor protein (beta-APP), a marker of axonal damage, in degeneratin...

Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a multifactorial disorder caused by the effects of several genes in combination with environmental factors. This disease is characterized by myelin loss, varying degrees of axonal pathology and inflammatory lesions. It is an important cause of disability in young adults, seen to be more prevalent in the woman, and affects 2.5 million people worldwide. Great efforts ar...

Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a relatively common cause of inflammatory demyelinating lesions of the central nervous system. In an attempt to detect and characterize ongoing demyelination in MS patient brains, we used a novel magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) technique, involving the fitting of a three-component model to the [Formula: see text] relaxation behavior at high-field (7 T). This model al...

Parkin is implicated in the pathogenesis of Parkinson's disease. Furthermore, parkin targets misfolded proteins for degradation and protects cells against various forms of cellular stress, including unfolded-protein and oxidative stress. This points towards a protective role of parkin in neurological disorders in which these stressors are implicated, including Alzheimer's disease (AD) and multi...

For the purpose of predicting multiple sclerosis (MS) and neuromyelitis optica (NMO) relapses in Japanese population, we evaluated the localization and age of each demyelinating attack. We retrospectively analyzed the 78 medical records of Japanese MS and NMO patients. Then we identified 49 cases of relapsing-remitting-type patients and defined each of 116 demyelinating attacks. NMO had an olde...

Accurate and precise identification of multiple sclerosis (MS) lesions in longitudinal MRI is important for monitoring disease progression and for assessing treatment effects. We present a probabilistic framework to automatically detect new, enlarging and resolving lesions in longitudinal scans of MS patients based on multimodal subtraction magnetic resonance (MR) images. Our Bayesian framework...

Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) is an important paraclinical tool for diagnosing and following-up of Multiple Sclerosis (MS). The detection of MS lesions in MRI may require complementary information to filter false detections. Given that MS lesions cannot be located within cerebrospinal fluid (CSF), detection of this region is very helpful for our purpose. Although T1-weighted images are usual...