In this paper we present some new identities for multiple polylogarithms (abbr. MPLs) and harmonic star sums MHSSs) by using the methods of iterated integral computations logarithm functions. Then, applying these formulas obtained, establish explicit relations between Kaneko-Yamamoto type zeta values K-Y MZVs), MZVs) MPLs. Further, find MZVs MZSVs). Furthermore, define an Apéry-type variant MZS...

A microporous layer (MPL) is typically added to the gas diffusion of polymer electrolyte fuel cells (PEFCs) promote cell performance and water management. The transport mechanism through MPL is, however, not well understood due its small pores (20–500 nm). Here, we demonstrate that polychromatic X-ray tomographic microscopy (XTM) can be used determine porosity spatial distribution in nanoporous...

Multiprotocol label switching (MPLS) is a versatile solution to address the problems faced by present-day networks—speed, scalability, quality-of-service (QoS) management, and traffic engineering. MPLS has emerged as an elegant solution to meet the bandwidth-management and service requirements for nextgeneration Internet protocol (IP)–based backbone networks. MPLS addresses issues related to sc...

In this paper, an integration framework for 4Gnetwork architecture between UMTS-GPRS system and 802.11 WLAN systems using MPLS as the underlying technology is developed. In 4G networks, to suffice the needs of users with relatively low mobility but yet to provide a substantial amount of bandwidth in hot-spots, it becomes essential to integrate WLAN 802.11 systems with currently existing UMTS-GP...

An IX (Internet eXchange) is a mechanism to interconnect many networks to each other. Currently, an ISP (Internet Service Provider) establishes numerous interconnections to other ISPs. Although ‘private peering’ is one way for an ISP to interconnect to other ISPs with individual links, connecting to an IX is a more efficient way to establish and maintain a large number of peerings (or ‘public p...

The Transport Profile of Multiprotocol Label Switching (MPLS-TP) is a packet-based transport technology based on the MPLS Traffic Engineering (MPLS-TE) and pseudowire (PW) data-plane architectures. This document describes a framework to support a comprehensive set of Operations, Administration, and Maintenance (OAM) procedures that fulfill the MPLS-TP OAM requirements for fault, performance, an...

The Layer 2 Tunneling Protocol, Version 3 (L2TPv3) defines a protocol for tunneling a variety of payload types over IP networks. This document defines how to carry an MPLS label stack and its payload over the L2TPv3 data encapsulation. This enables an application that traditionally requires an MPLS-enabled core network, to utilize an L2TPv3 encapsulation over an IP network instead. Townsley, et...

As an emerging technology for carrying IP traffic over photonic networks, we first describe IP over WDM networks based on the MPLS technology (MPλS). Then, an optical code label switching technique and its application to MPLS (OC-MPLS) is introduced. We extensively compare advantages and disadvantages of those two approaches, which is our main objective in this paper. By discussing remaining an...

This memo provides information for the Internet community. It does not specify an Internet standard of any kind. Distribution of this memo is unlimited. Abstract This document lists a detailed set of functional requirements for the support of inter-area MPLS Traffic Engineering (inter-area MPLS TE). It is intended that solutions that specify procedures and protocol extensions for inter-area MPL...

This document specifies an extension to the identifiers to be used in the Transport Profile of Multiprotocol Label Switching (MPLS-TP). Identifiers that follow IP/MPLS conventions have already been defined. This memo augments that set of identifiers for MPLS-TP management and Operations, Administration, and Maintenance (OAM) functions to include identifier information in a format typically used...