OBJECTIVE A dysfunctional neural reward system has been shown to be associated with alcoholism. The current study aims to examine reward processing in male alcoholics by using event-related potentials (ERPs) as well as behavioral measures of impulsivity and risk-taking. METHODS Outcome-related negativity (ORN/N2) and positivity (ORP/P3) derived from a single outcome gambling task were analyze...

INTRODUCTION Orbitofrontal (OFC) circuits have been implicated in the pathophysiology of substance use disorders. The current study examined OFC functional connectivity differences in marijuana-using adolescents (MJ) and non-using healthy controls (HC). METHODS Functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) resting-state data were obtained on a 3T MRI scanner on 31 HC and 43 heavy MJ smokers. I...

We review the contributions of biologically constrained computational models to our understanding of motor and cognitive deficits in Parkinson's disease (PD). The loss of dopaminergic neurons innervating the striatum in PD, and the well-established role of dopamine (DA) in reinforcement learning (RL), enable neural network models of the basal ganglia (BG) to derive concrete and testable predict...

BACKGROUND although non-motor symptoms of Parkinson's disease (PD) are known to adversely affect disability and health-related quality of life, the impact that specific disorders of reward and motivation have remains unclear. Impulse control disorders are more likely in those with a younger disease onset although there is no strong evidence to date that apathy is related to age of onset or corr...

22q11.2 deletion syndrome (22q11DS) is associated with elevated levels of impulsivity, inattention, and distractibility, which may be related to underlying neurobiological dysfunction due to haploinsufficiency for genes involved in dopaminergic neurotransmission (i.e. catechol-O-methyltransferase). The Stop-signal task has been employed to probe the neural circuitry involved in response inhibit...

Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a common psychiatric disorder of childhood with the core symptoms of developmentally inappropriate levels of attention, hyperactivity, and impulsivity. One of the essential theories proposes that ADHD is most often the result of dysfunction in fronto-striatal motor intentional circuits that are critical for an organism’s “preparedness of acts” ...

a r t i c l e i n f o Associations between the Dark Triad (psychopathy, narcissism, and Machiavellianism) with two self-report personality measures (i.e., BIS-11 and I 7) and two behavioral tasks (i.e., Stop-Signal task and Delay-Discounting task) of impulsivity in 298 healthy adult volunteers were examined. The strong correlations between psychopathy, narcissism, and self-report measures of im...

Abstract Objective: Individuals with chronic alcohol abuse have been shown to be more impulsive. Our objective in the present study was assess drinking behavior healthy college students and examine potential relationships between these habits impulsive behavior. Method: College (n = 22) completed a survey about behaviors, Barratt Impulsiveness Scale (assessing various subscales of impulsivity),...