In recent years, Many manufacturing industries for promoting their efficiency have tended to use the automatic manufacturing systems. Expanding automatic systems and to increase their complexity are representing the necessity of studying a proper functional quality and using reliable equipment in such systems more than ever. In this direction, the technique of fault tree analysis (FTA), along w...

Development in marine invertebrate species can take place through a variety of modes and larval forms, but within a species, developmental mode is typically uniform. Poecilogony refers to the presence of more than one mode of development within a single species. True poecilogony is rare, however, and in some cases, apparent poecilogony is actually the result of variation in development mode amo...

The transcription factor Pax6 is a developmental regulator with a crucial role in development of the eye, brain, and olfactory system. Pax6 is also required for correct development of the endocrine pancreas and specification of hormone producing endocrine cell types. Glucagon-producing cells are almost completely lost in Pax6-null embryos, and insulin-expressing beta and somatostatin-expressing...

The sum of the evidence supports the necessity to continue to investigate the developmental effects of estrogenic and antiestrogenic compounds when exposure occurs early in life. Additional studies will answer questions relevant to the molecular definition of the developmental or carcinogenic effects of estrogens such as hormone-induced gene alterations. These studies also support the need to u...

Myiasis is the condition or conditions resulting from the invasion of the tissues and organs of man and other animals by the eggs or larvae of dipterous flies. Such invasion may be simple, i.e. without any severe constitutional disturbances, or may result in violent disturbances causing even death. According to the site of invasion one may have cutaneous, dermal, intestinal, urinary, nasal, ora...

症例は71歳，男性．主訴は背部痛，心窩部痛．前医CTで胆嚢腫大，胆嚢内に乳頭状に拡がる隆起性病変，乳頭から肝内胆管に及ぶ軽度の胆管拡張および胆嚢結石を指摘され紹介受診．入院精査の予定だったが，5日後に右背部痛が増悪し閉塞性黄疸の増悪，白血球数高値であり，急性胆管炎の診断で緊急入院となった．同日，内視鏡的逆行性胆管膵管造影を施行し，経鼻胆道ドレナージチューブを留置された．自然流出では多量の粘液によりチューブ閉塞をきたし，連日洗浄を行うことで減黄が得られた．胆嚢内に充満する乳頭状腫瘍と十二指腸乳頭からの粘液排出から胆嚢内乳頭状腫瘍（intracholecystic papillary neoplasm:ICPN）が疑われ，開腹胆嚢摘出術の方針とした．術中超音波を用いて肝浸潤が無いことを確認し，全層胆摘を施行した．病理組織診断ではbiliary typeまたはoncocytic typeの...

Throughout their lives, plants sense many developmental and environmental stimuli, and activation of optimal responses against these stimuli requires extensive transcriptional reprogramming. To facilitate this activation, plant mRNA contains untranslated regions (UTRs) that significantly increase the coding capacity of the genome by producing multiple mRNA variants from the same gene. In this r...