BACKGROUND The province of North Kivu in the Democratic Republic of Congo has been afflicted by conflict for over a decade. After months of relative calm, offences restarted in September 2008. We did an epidemiological study to document the impact of violence on the civilian population and orient pre-existing humanitarian aid. METHODS In May 2009, we conducted three cross-sectional surveys am...

Tracheal stent is one of the newer modalities of airway management used to manage airway compromise due to tracheal lesion of a malignant or benign disease. Skilful airway management is critical in a patient with a tracheal stent in situ. Any failure in this technique can lead to many complications like displacement of stent, bleeding, perforation which can lead to increase in morbidity and mor...

Background Staged palliation culminating with the Fontan procedure has dramatically increased survival in children with single ventricle anatomy. However, long-term morbidity and mortality continue to be significant. This has been linked to ventricular myocardial fibrosis and scarring and subsequent altered contractile mechanics with abnormal regional wall motion and strain, but has not been fu...

UNLABELLED We believed open reduction with internal fixation is required for supination-external rotation ankle fractures located at the level of the distal tibiofibular syndesmosis (Lauge-Hanssen SER II and Weber B) with 2 mm or more fibular fracture displacement. The rationale for surgery for these ankle fractures is based on the notion of elevated intraarticular contact pressures with latera...

While the location of wildlife mortalities provides some insight on cause death, identifying risk factors associated with mortality events and in which cases these result death requires information individual behaviour prior to death. With access a long-term database grizzly bear ( Ursus arctos L., 1758) GPS locations, we investigated how differed between individuals that died anthropogenic cau...

optimization of structures for minimum weight has become important in the recent designs. in this study, a genetic optimization algorithm for weight minimization of steel frames has been used. the genetic algorithm is an optimization and search technique based on the principles of genetics and natural selection. constraints regarding material strength and serviceability are taken from “aisc cod...