Seeds of plants from Ipomoea genera contain numerous ergot alkaloids, including psychoactive ergine and ergometrine, and are often abused as so-called "legal highs." In this work, an analytical method for determination of ergine and ergometrine, and identification of other alkaloids was developed, optimized, and validated. Three extraction techniques, ultrasound-assisted extraction in bath, or ...

Renal coloboma syndrome (RCS) is a rare inherited condition exhibiting a variable clinical phenotype of renal and ocular abnormalities. In 50% of cases, mutations can be found in the transcription factor PAX2. We present three generations of a family with a PAX2 mutation who showed variable eye and renal phenotypes. Renal phenotypes ranged from normal kidneys with the absence of proteinuria to ...

The PAX6 gene is involved in ocular morphogenesis and is expressed in the developing central nervous system and numerous ocular tissues during development. PAX6 mutations have been detected in various ocular anomalies, including aniridia, Peters anomaly, corneal dystrophy, congenital cataracts, and foveal hypoplasia. However, it has not been identified in patients with optic-nerve malformations...