The population-ecology approach (the natural-selection model) used to be a major orientation in consideration of organizational change and transformation. It is presented by its proponents as a theory distinct from structural contingency theory. This theory begins by rejecting the claim of contingency theory that organizations are adaptive. Contingency theory understands that the social and bus...

The primary education sector in Pakistan faces many challenges relating to access to education and quality of resources. This paper evaluates the Educational Voucher Scheme (EVS) in Lahore, Pakistan aimed at increasing access to primary schooling for low income families residing in the underdeveloped areas of Lahore by using the four criteria for evaluating privatization plans in education outl...

The use of biomarkers to refine patient populations, such that clinical trials will be most likely to provide a definitive answer requiring the fewest patients, is particularly appealing for application to research involving patients with a heterogeneous syndrome like ALI/ARDS. This could be beneficial by helping to characterize either a group of patients with a high mortality where mortality i...

3-(2-furanyl)-2-propenoic acid has been used to prepare a new series of organotin complexes of general formula r3snl (r=me, et, n-bu, ph and cy) and r2snl2 (r=me and n-bu). these complexes have been characterized by elemental analyses, ir, 1h-nmr, mass and mössbaure spectroscopy.

background: although stabilization ponds and lagoons are suitable treatment processes due to simplicity of operation and low per capital costs, the effluents of these systems have too high of a total suspended solids concentration to be discharged into receiving waters. this problem is mainly caused by algae. in this study, an electro-coagulation reactor was examined to re­move algae from the f...

A variety of molybdenum or tungsten complexes that contain a tert-butylimido ligand have been prepared. For example, the o-methoxybenzylidene complex W(N-t-Bu)(CH-o-MeOC6H4)(Cl)2(py) was prepared through addition of pyridinium chloride to W(N-t-Bu)2(CH2-o-MeOC6H4)2, while Mo(N-t-Bu)(CH-o-MeOC6H4)(ORF)2(tBuNH2) complexes (ORF = OC6F5 or OC(CF3)3) were prepared through addition of two equivalents...

to evaluate the effect of different rates of nitrogen fertilizer on competitive ability of canola (okapi cv.) in interference with wild mustard, a split-plot experiment based on a randomized complete block design with 3 replications was carried out at agricultural faculty of bu-ali sina university, in 2008-2009. 4 levels of nitrogen fertilization (100, 150, 200 and 250 kg n ha-1) were assigned ...