The purpose of this paper is to evaluate the ability of a prototype Compton camera (CC) to measure prompt gamma rays (PG) emitted during delivery of clinical proton pencil beams for prompt gamma imaging (PGI) as a means of providing in vivo verification of the delivered proton radiotherapy beams. A water phantom was irradiated with clinical 114 MeV and 150 MeV proton pencil beams. Up to 500 cGy...

The use of unbounded tendons is common in prestressed concrete structures and evaluation of the stress increase in unbonded tendons at ultimate flexural strength of such structure has posed a great challenge over the years. Based on the bending experiment for two-span continuous post-tension beams with unbounded tendons and externally applied CFRP sheets, the monitoring of the stress increment ...

The testing of mode III and mixed mode failure is every so often encountered in the dedicated literature of mechanical characterization of brittle and quasi-brittle materials. In this work, the application of the mixed strain displacement ε − u finite element formulation to three examples involving skew notched beams is presented. The use of this FE technology is effective in problems involving...

Axially chiral mono(NHC)-Pd(II) and mono(NHC)-Au(I) complexes with one side shaped 1,1'-biphenyl backbone have been prepared from chiral 6,6'-dimethoxybiphenyl-2,2'-diamine. The complexes were characterized by X-ray crystal structure diffraction. The Pd(II) complex showed good catalytic activities in the Suzuki-Miyaura and Heck-Mizoroki coupling reactions, and the (S)-Au(I) complexes also showe...

This study introduces the free vibration analysis of multilayered symmetric sandwich Timoshenko beams, made of functionally graded materials with two edge cracked, using the finite element method and linear elastic fracture mechanic theory. The FG beam consists of 50 layers, located symmetrically to the neutral plane, whose material properties distribution change along the beam thickness, accor...

The objective of this study is to explore the influence of current therapeutic recommendations on the prescribing trends of anti-hypertensive drugs in general medical practice in Palestine. Five hundred and seventy four anti-hypertensive prescriptions were analyzed. The percentage of mono-therapy prescriptions was 48.25% and that for combinational therapy prescriptions was 51.75%. Among the mon...

We derive expressions for the far-zone correlation of intensity fluctuations (the Hanbury Brown-Twiss effect) that occurs in electromagnetic beams that are generated by quasi-homogeneous sources. Such sources often have a radiant intensity pattern that is rotationally symmetric, irrespective of the source shape. We demonstrate how from the far-zone correlation of intensity fluctuations the spec...

We generalized the nonparaxial field components of Laguerre-Gaussian and flattened Gaussian beams obtained using the angular spectrum method to include symmetric radial and angular expansions and simplified them using an approximate evaluation of the integral equations for the field components. These field components possess series expressions in orders of a natural expansion parameter, which c...

Synchronization has great impacts in various fields such as self-clocking, communication, and neural networks. Here, we present a mechanism of synchronization for two mechanical modes coupled optomechanical resonators with parity-time ( PT )...

From geometrical optics, the laws of reflection and refraction, ray tracing techniques, conservation of energy within a bundle of rays, and the condition of constant optical path length provide a foundation for design of laser beam shaping systems. Geometrical optics design methods are presented for shaping the irradiance profile of both rotationally and rectangular symmetric laser beams. Appli...