BACKGROUND Neonatal jaundice or hyperbilirubinemia is a common occurrence in newborns. Although most cases of neonatal jaundice have a benign course, severe hyperbilirubinemia can lead to kernicterus, which is preventable if the hyperbilirubinemia is identified early and treated appropriately. CONTENT This review discusses neonatal jaundice and the use of transcutaneous bilirubin (TcB) measur...

The purpose of this study was to explore how to successfully collect demographic, lifestyle and health behavior data, followed by an educational intervention on a culturally sensitive topic, breast cancer, in the politically fragile Kashmir Valley. Survey results of 520 women identified challenges that impact the general health of women, including literacy, hygiene and water safety, as well as ...

This paper addresses a central challenge in PRISM, a large-scale distributed monitoring system: coping with the uncertainties and ambiguities introduced by network and node failures. In particular, in a large scale monitoring system, such failures interact badly with techniques needed for scalability like hierarchy, arithmetic filtering, and temporal batching. For example, if a monitoring subtr...

Exxon Neftegas Limited, as operator of the Sakhalin-1 consortium, is developing oil and gas reserves on the continental shelf off northeast Sakhalin Island, Russia. DalMorNefteGeofizika (DMNG) on behalf of the Sakhalin-1 consortium conducted a 3-D seismic survey of the Odoptu license area during 17 August-9 September 2001. A portion of the primary feeding area of the endangered western gray wha...

The rapid growth of aquaculture has provided opportunities for the emergence of diseases. Programs designed to monitor these pathogens are useful for analysis of regional variation and trends, provided methods are standardized. Data from an official monitoring program were used to analyze the emergence of infectious pancreatic necrosis virus in Scottish salmon farms from 1996 to 2001. An annual...

The Northern Region Landbird Monitoring Program (NRLMP) has been in place for nearly a decade. Based on our experience with this program, we offer thoughts on monitoring goals, the need for regional programs, and the components we believe make count-based monitoring effective. The NRLMP includes a biennial bird survey conducted from permanently marked points for the purposes of long-term popula...

This paper presents the ecotoxicological assessment and environmental risk evaluation of complex pesticide mixtures occurring in freshwater ecosystems in southern Sweden. The evaluation is based on exposure data collected between 2002 and 2013 by the Swedish pesticide monitoring program and includes 1308 individual samples, detecting mixtures of up to 53 pesticides (modal=8). Pesticide mixture ...

Ongoing marine monitoring programs are seldom designed to detect changes in the environment between different years, mainly due to the high number of samples required for a sufficient statistical precision. We here show that pooling over time (time integration) of seasonal measurements provides an efficient method of reducing variability, thereby improving the precision and power in detecting i...

In conclusion, the quality assurance and monitoring program is an integral and continuing part of study operations. A system must be devised and implemented by the coordinating center investigators, with the endorsement of the study leadership and support of the field site and resource center personnel. Proactive mechanisms for promoting high-quality data acquisition and reporting must be imple...