Devaluation has different effects on the structure of trade patterns in countries which have a fixed exchange rate regime. The experience of devaluation in many countries has clearly shown that devaluation policies have not always led to the improvement of their trade pattern structures. Some empirical studies have revealed that after employing devaluation, the real rate of money in some nation...

The time–cost tradeoff problem is one of the most important and applicable problems in project scheduling area. There are many factors that force the mangers to crash the time. This factor could be early utilization, early commissioning and operation, improving the project cash flow, avoiding unfavorable weather conditions, compensating the delays, and so on. Since there is a need to allocate e...

although the word of “money laundering” isn’t very old in world literature, but attempted money laundering has a long history a long side with trade and commerce, as it always has been told. money laundering is a process that the incomes of criminal acts enter to the economic cycle and will purify dirty income. therefore, we can say launderers are actually committed two offenses, primaril...

The central purpose of this study is to apply the NSM (Natural Semantic Metalanguage) method semantic-conceptual analysis word money and related economic transaction verbs, such as buy, sell pay, used in everyday English. It proposes semantic explications for these words on basis conceptual a range linguistic evidence taking account lexical polysemy. Even its basic meaning (in sentence like the...

At the center of monetary economics is a puzzling observation: innovations (unexpected surges) in the nation's total supply of money are historically correlated with innovations in real output Standard monetary economics can easily explain why an increase in the number of dollars will increase the prices of goods and thus nominal output, the dollar value of the economy's production. But why sho...