A vehicle influences the concentration of penetrant within the membrane, affecting its diffusivity in the skin and rate of transport. Despite the huge amount of effort made for the understanding and modelling of the skin absorption of chemicals, a reliable estimation of the skin penetration potential from formulations remains a challenging objective. In this investigation, quantitative structur...

Chitosan (CS), a biocompatible and biodegradable material, can act as a non-viral delivery vehicle with low toxicity. In this study, plasmid DNA (pDNA) and siRNA were encapsulated in CS nanoparticles (NPs) to prepare CS-DNA and CS-siRNA NPs using a complex coacervation process. The CS-DNA particle size was within the range of 180-370 nm with a surface charge ranging from 0 to 18 mV at pH 5.5. T...

Abstract. Researchers around the world have focused on autonomous agriculture, with systems encompassing greenhouse, orchard, field and other applications. Research has shown the potential and ability of the technology to allow a vehicle or selection of vehicles to follow a specified task. In this study, one aspect of the problem, that of operating a tractor-cart combination in conjunction with...

Fullerenes are molecules created solely of carbon and have a highly unusual attributes. The smallest structure in the fullerene family is conformation C20, which consists of pentagonal rings only, resulting in its instability. The C60 is the first fullerene containing 12 pentagonal and 20 hexagonal rings in which pentagons do not share an edge. It results in good stability of the carbon cage. T...

Methanol is used in various applications, such as fuel for transportation vehicles, fuel cells, and in chemical industrial processes. Conventionally, separation of methanol from aqueous solution is by distillation. However, this method consumes a large amount of energy; hence development of a new method is needed. In this work, molecular dynamics simulations are performed to investigate the eff...

This chapter presents a Higher Order Sliding Mode (HOSM) Control for automatic docking between two space vehicles. The problem considered requires controlling the vehicles’ relative position and relative attitude. This type of problem is generally addressed using optimal control techniques that are, unfortunately, not robust. The combination of optimum control and Higher Order Sliding Mode Cont...

Effective interstitial transport of particles is necessary for injected drug/diagnostic agents to reach the intended target; however, quantitative methods to estimate such transport parameters are lacking. In this study, we develop an in vivo model for evaluating interstitial convection of injected macromolecules and nanoparticles. Fluorescently labeled macromolecules and particles are coinfuse...

A numerical trajectory optimization study of two types of lifting-entry reentry vehicle has been presented at low suborbital speed of 4.113 km/s and -15 degree entry angle. These orbital speeds are typical of medium range ballistic missile with ballistic range of approximately 2000 km at optimum burnout angle of approximately 41 degree for maximum ballistic range. A lifting reentry greatly enha...

in the present paper, the modal analysis on a full finite element model of an off-road vehicle. this vehicle was modeled in the catia software and then meshed in the hypermesh software. the free vibration analysis was conducted by the abaqus software. by applying an external displacement, the forced vibration analysis was also performed. as a result, natural frequencies and shape modes were ext...