The article deals with the description of the conceptual and linguistic nature, the modus character and the field structure of the linguistic category of the approximation. It also deals with the analysis of the role of the inherent and adherent approximators as well as the context in the realization of the invariant meaning of the approximation in the German language. Pragmatic potential of th...

This paper describes the development, evaluation and use of the computer program ModusXXI, a music generator that can create a practically unlimited number of atonal melodic dictations, or melodic material for sight-reading, based on the Modus Novus methodology [Edlund, 1963]. Lars Edlund’s Modus Novus organizes the aural study of atonal melody structure on the combinations of intervals that wi...

Using generalized modus ponens reasoning, we examine the values of the inferred conclusion using the Fodor’s implication in order to interpret a fuzzy if-then rule with a single input single output and the T-norms t1(x, y) = min(x, y), t2(x, y) = xy and t3(x, y) = max(0, x + y − 1) for composition operation. These are the very used T-norms in generalized modus ponens reasoning.

Uncertain entailment is a methodology for calculating the truth value of an uncertain formula via the maximum uncertainty principle when the truth values of other uncertain formulas are given. In order to find the truth value of additional formula, this paper will introduce an entailment model. As applications of uncertain entailment, this paper will also discuss modus ponens, modus tollens, an...

The task-switch paradigm has helped psychologists gain insight into the processes involved in changing from one activity to another. The literature has yielded consistent results about switch cost reconfiguration (abrupt offset in regular task-switch vs. gradual reduction in random task-switch; endogenous and exogenous components of switch cost; cost asymmetry...). In this study we present seve...

There are two primary arguments against scientific realism, one pertaining to underdetermination, the other to the history of science. While these arguments are usually treated as altogether distinct, P. Kyle Stanford’s ‘problem of unconceived alternatives’ constitutes one kind of synthesis: I propose that Stanford’s argument is best understood as a broad modus ponens underdetermination argumen...

Ziel: Das Ziel der Studie war die quantitative Messung der Bildqualität an einem Brusttomosynthesesystem. Material und Methoden: Die Signalübertragungseigenschaften (STP), die Modulationsübertragungsfunktion (MTF), das Rauschspektrum (NPS) und die detektive Quantenausbeute (DQE) wurden nach etablierten Methoden an einem Brusttomosynthesesystem Selenia Dimensions von Hologic gemessen. Das NPS wu...

Based on the VIVENDI-framework for virtual endoscopy, we present a system for the interactive and multi-modal representation of important anatomical structures for neuroendoscopic interventions. A serious problem of neuroendoscopic interventions is the possibility of injuring a blood vessel while performing endoscopic surgery inside the human brain. Besides the sudden loss of optical visibility...

With the recent introduction of multi-slice CT which acquire four image slices at the same time (which will increase to 16 image slices in the near future) the possible size of the generated image stack has increased tremendously. Traditional cine mode explorations of the image stack are rendered impractical by the sheer quantity of possible 1000 image slices of the resolution of 512 512 pixels...

The process of partitioning bacterial sister chromosomes into daughter cells seems to be distinct from chromatid segregation during eukaryotic mitosis. In Escherichia coli, partitioning starts soon after initiation of replication, when the two newly replicated oriCs move from the cell centre to quarter positions within the cell. As replication proceeds, domains of the compact, supercoiled chrom...