We will begin by defining some logical connectives. The first logical connective is implication. Luckily, implication is already built in to the Haskell type system in the form of arrow types. The type p -> q is equivalent to the logical statement P → Q. We can now prove a very simple theorem called Modus Ponens. Modus Ponens states that if P implies Q and P is true, then Q is true. It is often...

The article deals with the description of the conceptual and linguistic nature, the modus character and the field structure of the linguistic category of the approximation. It also deals with the analysis of the role of the inherent and adherent approximators as well as the context in the realization of the invariant meaning of the approximation in the German language. Pragmatic potential of th...

This paper describes the development, evaluation and use of the computer program ModusXXI, a music generator that can create a practically unlimited number of atonal melodic dictations, or melodic material for sight-reading, based on the Modus Novus methodology [Edlund, 1963]. Lars Edlund’s Modus Novus organizes the aural study of atonal melody structure on the combinations of intervals that wi...

Using generalized modus ponens reasoning, we examine the values of the inferred conclusion using the Fodor’s implication in order to interpret a fuzzy if-then rule with a single input single output and the T-norms t1(x, y) = min(x, y), t2(x, y) = xy and t3(x, y) = max(0, x + y − 1) for composition operation. These are the very used T-norms in generalized modus ponens reasoning.

There are two primary arguments against scientific realism, one pertaining to underdetermination, the other to the history of science. While these arguments are usually treated as altogether distinct, P. Kyle Stanford’s ‘problem of unconceived alternatives’ constitutes one kind of synthesis: I propose that Stanford’s argument is best understood as a broad modus ponens underdetermination argumen...

Ziel: Das Ziel der Studie war die quantitative Messung der Bildqualität an einem Brusttomosynthesesystem. Material und Methoden: Die Signalübertragungseigenschaften (STP), die Modulationsübertragungsfunktion (MTF), das Rauschspektrum (NPS) und die detektive Quantenausbeute (DQE) wurden nach etablierten Methoden an einem Brusttomosynthesesystem Selenia Dimensions von Hologic gemessen. Das NPS wu...

A transparent conducting film composed of regular networks of silver nanowires is obtained by combining a soft solution process (Tollens' reaction) and nanoimprint lithography. The solution-grown nanowire networks show a threefold higher conductivity than grids obtained by metal evaporation. This is due to the larger grain size in the solution-grown nanowires, which results in a strong reductio...

The process of partitioning bacterial sister chromosomes into daughter cells seems to be distinct from chromatid segregation during eukaryotic mitosis. In Escherichia coli, partitioning starts soon after initiation of replication, when the two newly replicated oriCs move from the cell centre to quarter positions within the cell. As replication proceeds, domains of the compact, supercoiled chrom...

Kainate receptors (KARs), together with AMPA and NMDA, are typically described as ionotropic glutamate receptors. The functions of KARs have begun to be elucidated only in the last decade. Although some the actions of KARs are classically ionotropic, surprisingly others seem to involve the activation of second-messenger cascades and invoke metabotropic roles for this type of glutamate receptor....