A theoretical mean field closure for Hall magnetohydrodynamics (Hall-MHD) is developed to investigate magnetic field generation through dynamo processes in low electron density astrophysical systems. We show that by modifying the dynamics of microscopic flows, the Hall currents could have a profound impact on the generation of macroscopic magnetic fields. As an illustrative example, we show how...

We describe a comparison of the scrub-wash method of Williamson and Kligman and a swab-wash method for the enumeration of cutaneous microflora. The swab-wash method provides a less traumatic alternative to the scrub-wash method and can be used to sample the cutaneous microflora of premature neonates.

Worm-like nanorods and nanospheres of silver have been synthesized by photochemical decomposition of silver oxalate in water by UV irradiation in the presence of CTAB and PVP, respectively. No external seeds have been employed for the synthesis of Ag nanorods. The synthesized Ag colloids have been characterized by UV-visible spectra, powder XRD, HRTEM, and selected area electron diffraction (SA...

A new synthetic route to mechanochemically produce silicon nanoparticles modified with biocompatible and chromophoric molecular compounds using the Williamson ether synthesis is described. This reaction allows a direct grafting of organic compounds such as phenol, hydroquinone and tetraethylene glycol to the silicon nanoparticle surface in an efficient fashion. Specifically, the formation of (p...

An asset-pricing perspective on inflation reveals that it depends on current and expected monetary and fiscal policies. There are three ways to carry $1 today into the future: money, bonds, and real assets. That dollar’s purchasing power varies inversely with the price level. Expected money growth, tax rates, and government spending directly impinge on these expected rates of return of these as...

This chapter will focus on the first two questions. The last question is equally important — of course we need to know the best way to make predictions, perform diagnoses and make strategic decisions — but in the absence of a well-entrenched mathematical calculus of causality, the answers given to the last question tend to depend on the answers provided to the first two questions. Standard resp...

The effects of plastic deformation by ball milling on the structure of a partly amorphousAl87Ni8La5alloy were investigated by X-ray diffractometry. Lattice parameter, crystallite size and lattice strain of the fcc-Al precipitates were determined by Rietveld refinement, doubleVoigt approach and Williamson-Hall plots. The changes in lattice parameter of fcc-Al nanoprecipitates during ball milling...

This paper aims to investigate the effect of annealing on structural and optical properties ZnO/ITO AZO/ITO thin films. In preparation ZnO AZO films, zinc acetate dehydrate (Zn(CH3COO)2.2H2O), ethanol, diethanolamine (DEA), AlCl3 were used as a starting material, solvent, stabilizer, dopant sources, respectively. Both films fabricated ITO (indium tin oxide) substrates using spin coating techniq...