Little research has been conducted to investigate highly advanced ESL learners’ written production of suggestions when addressing interlocutors of lower social power. The present study fills this gap by examining non-native speaking (NNS) composition instructors’ pragmatic choices of suggestions as compared to those made by their native speaking (NS) counterparts when providing written feedback...

The dogleg severity is one of the most important parameters in directional drilling. Improvement of these indicators actually means choosing the best conditions for the directional drilling in order to reach the target point. Selection of high levels of the dogleg severity actually means minimizing well trajectory, but on the other hand, increases fatigue in drill string, increases torque and d...

The connection of ad-hoc networks to the Internet is typically established via gateways. To start an Internet connection, in a first step gateways have to be discovered by the mobile nodes within the ad-hoc cluster. Several gateway selection schemes have been proposed that select gateway nodes based on a single Quality of Service parameter, link capacity, link quality, path availability period,...

The nearest neighbor search problem is well known since 60s. Many approaches have been proposed. One is to build a graph over the set of objects from a given database and use a greedy walk as a basis for a search algorithm. If the greedy walk has an ability to find the nearest neighbor in the graph starting from any vertex with a small number of steps, such a graph is called a navigable small w...

We propose STR to resolve the main reasons of overall network performance degradation of ZTR, which are the detour path problem and the traffic concentration problem. Second, we prove that the 1-hop neighbor nodes used by STR improve the routing path efficiency and alleviate the traffic load concentrated on tree links in ZTR. Third, we analyze the performance of ZTR, STR, and AODV by differenti...

Several researchers proposed using non-Euclidean metrics on point sets in Euclidean space for clustering noisy data. Almost always, a distance function is desired that recognizes the closeness of the points in the same cluster, even if the Euclidean cluster diameter is large. Therefore, it is preferred to assign smaller costs to the paths that stay close to the input points. In this paper, we c...

Mobile ad hoc networks usually use various forms of flooding to discover the location and route of a node or to diffuse a given message. Flooding is useful because it finds a good path to a destination or quickly diffuses the message all over the network. With the flooding, however, also comes the problem of propagating many unnecessary messages throughout the network. In this paper, first, we ...

In this paper, we propose a scheme for multipath multicast routing in MANETs using reliable neighbor selection (MMRNS) mechanism. MMRNS operates in following phases. (1) Computation of reliability pair factor based on node power level, received differential signal strength between the nodes and mobility, and pruning neighbor nodes that have reliability pair factor lesser than a threshold. (2) D...

Nowadays, the research about three-dimensional topology control has focused on ensuring the connectivity of the networks, and has seldom considered the balance between neighbor node degree and energy consumption minimum path. In order to solve this problem, this paper proposes an adjustable topology control algorithm in three-dimensional wireless sensor networks, and this algorithm can dynamica...