in this paper, we present a comparative study between the modified variational iteration method (mvim) and a hybrid of fourier transform and variational iteration method (ftvim). the study outlines the efficiencyand convergence of the two methods. the analysis is illustrated by investigating four singular partial differential equations with variable coefficients. the solution of singular partia...

The Munich chain-ladder method for claims reserving was introduced by Quarg and Mack on an axiomatic basis. We analyze these axioms, and we define a modified Munich chain-ladder method which is based on an explicit stochastic model. This stochastic model then allows us to consider claims prediction and prediction uncertainty for the Munich chain-ladder method in a consistent way.

We propose a modified version of the chaotic cryptographic method based on iterating a logistic map. Simulation results show that the distribution of the ciphertext is flatter and the encryption time is shorter. Moreover, the trade-off between the spread of the distribution of ciphertext and the encryption time can be controlled by a single parameter.  2001 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights res...

A boronate ester crosslinked zwitterionic nanogel (NGCA) with ATP/pH-sensitivity has been developed with an inverse nanoprecipitation technique to achieve a two-stage charge conversion that responds to tumor extracellular conditions (pH 6.5-6.8) and an intracellular acidic environment (pH 5-6). Cationic cytochrome C (CC), a therapeutic protein, has been encapsulated into NGCA through inverse na...

Nanotechnology is a relatively new branch of science that involves harnessing the unique properties of particles that are nanometers in scale (nanoparticles). Nanoparticles can be engineered in a precise fashion where their size, composition and surface chemistry can be carefully controlled. This enables unprecedented freedom to modify some of the fundamental properties of their cargo, such as ...

Particle size is a key feature in determining performance of nanoparticles as drug carriers because it influences circulating half-life, cellular uptake and biodistribution. Because the size of particles has such a major impact on their performance, the uniformity of the particle population is also a significant factor. Particles comprised of the polymer poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid) (PLGA) are...

1 Japan Atomic Energy Agency, 2-4 Shirakata, Tokai-mura, Ibaraki, 319-1195, Japan 2 Oita Prefecture-Mie Hospital, 3964-1 Miemachi-Miyano, Bungoono-shi, Oita, 879-7101, Japan 3 Shin-Beppu Hospital, 3898 Tsurumi, Beppu-shi, Oita, 874-0833, Japan 4 Tokai University Oiso Hospital, 21-1 Gakkyou, Oiso-machi, Kanagawa, 259-0198, Japan 5 Tokai University Hospital, 143 Shimokasuya, Isehara-shi, Kanagawa...