Ground water is regarded as an important source of sweet water because it has less pollution potential and it has high reserve capacity compared with surface water. Therefore, it I necessary to prevent pollution from ground water, considering management of ground water resources in line with quantitative management of water resources. In this research the potential vulnerability of ground water...

Cu(In,Ga)Se2 (or CIGS) thin films and devices were fabricated using a modified three-stage process. Using high deposition rates low temperature during the process, copper chloride vapor treatment was introduced in between second third stages to enhance properties. X-ray diffraction scanning electron microscopy demonstrate that drastic changes occur after this recrystallization yielding with muc...

The species richness of flower-visiting insects has declined in past decades, raising concerns that the ecosystem service they provide by pollinating crops and wild plants is threatened. The relative commonness of different species with shared ecological traits can play a pervasive role in determining ecosystem functioning, but information on changes in abundances of pollinators over time is la...

DRASTIC--Database Resource for the Analysis of Signal Transduction In Cells (http://www.drastic.org.uk/) has been created as a first step towards a data-based approach for constructing signal transduction pathways. DRASTIC is a relational database of plant expressed sequence tags and genes up- or down-regulated in response to various pathogens, chemical exposure or other treatments such as drou...

Dear Editor, A 56-year-old Indian woman with obesity underwent bariatric surgery (laparoscopic sleeve gastrectomy). She had gained 10 kg over the 3 years preceding the surgery after changing to a sedentary job. For 2 years, she had been having localised itch over the paraspinal region of her left upper back. Examination revealed a localised hyperpigmented patch over her left upper back (Fig. 1)...