Postmodern fiction, which appeared in a post-World War II period, bears distinctive qualities from other literary movements such as realism and modernism structurally, stylistically thematically. It can be perceived challenge against or attack on fixed language systems, subject matters, narrative style, plot development the face of modernist realist quest for meaning fragmentary world. One prin...

rationality and spirituality is a theory follows the spiritualism in west, to fill the spiritual gap made by modernism. the goal of this theory is reduction of human’s pain by collecting between rationality and spirituality, which is engendered by modernism and religion. as modernism based on reason, rationality is fundamental in this theory. spiritualty is application of rationality or is pers...

(NLR 146), Fredric Jameson argues that pastiche, rather than parody, is the appropriate mode of postmodernist culture. ‘Pastiche’, he writes, ‘is, like parody, the imitation of a peculiar mask, speech in a dead language; but it is a neutral practice of such mimicry, without any of parody’s ulterior motives, amputated of the satiric impulse, devoid of laughter and of any conviction that alongsid...

Post-postmodern authenticity is introduced and used in this conceptual article to characterise a new emergent approach negotiating reality fantasy by tourists through tourism. Alongside modern postmodern approaches, post-postmodern contextualises recent developments within discourse. Modernism involves constructive, objective verisimilitude stances for inauthenticity, including Postmodernism ta...