We describe the modern approach to quantum cosmology, as initiated by Hartle and Hawking, Linde, Vilenkin and others. The primary aim is to explain how one determines the consequences for the late universe of a given quantum theory of cosmological initial or boundary conditions. An extensive list of references is included, together with a guide to the literature.

In this conference summary on Astrophysics talks at PhyStat05, I will discuss the various philosophical and pragmatic approaches to problems of statistics in astrophysics (and cosmology in particular), and their application to a few modern problems discussed at this meeting. In particular, I will develop a Bayesian formalism for the analysis of data from Cosmic Microwave Background (CMB) experi...

The first macroscopic object observed to have come from outside the solar system slipped back out of sight in early 2018. 1I/2017 U1 ‘Oumuamua offered a unique opportunity test understanding gravity, planetary formation and galactic structure against true outlier, astronomical teams around globe rushed study it. Observations lasted several months generated tsunami scientific (and popular) liter...

In these lectures on the early Universe I will discuss some recent developments in particle cosmology, taking particular care to highlight the r^ ole of particle physics in our understanding of cosmology. I will assume that the reader is familiar with basic particle physics, but not necessarily basic astronomy. Before starting, I would like to discuss the motivation for particle physicists to b...

one of the major categories of the iranian constitutional revolution is modernists (motajadedin) who are referred to variously as “adaptionists”, “apologists”, “syncretists” and “revisionists”. motajadedin are devout and knowledgeable iranians whose mission is threefold: first, to define iranian identity by bringing out of the fundamentals in rational and liberal manner; second, to emphasize, a...