We report here that activation of the caspase-3 apoptotic cascade in spinal cord injury is regulated, in part, by calcineurin-mediated BAD dephosphorylation. BAD, a proapoptotic member of the bcl-2 gene family, is rapidly dephosphorylated after injury, dissociates from 14-3-3 in the cytosol, and translocates to the mitochondria of neurons where it binds to Bcl-x(L). Pretreatment of animals with...

The role of histamine H3 receptors (H3Rs) in memory and the prospective H3R antagonists pharmacological control neurodegenerative disorders, e.g., Alzheimer’s disease (AD), is well-accepted. Therefore, procognitive effects acute systemic administration antagonist E169 (2.5–10 mg/kg, i.p.) on MK801-induced amnesia C57BL/6J mice using novel object recognition test (NORT) were evaluated. (5 mg) pr...

Galanin mRNA levels in GnRH neurons increase in association with a steroid-induced LH surge in female rats. Both the steroid-induced LH surge and the concomitant increase of galanin mRNA in GnRH neurons are blocked by non-specific inhibition of central nervous system activity imposed by pentobarbital and specific central alpha-adrenergic receptor blockade. Based on these observations, we hypoth...

Abstract Objective. The development of experimental methodology utilizing graphene micro-transistor arrays to facilitate and advance translational research into cortical spreading depression (CSD) in the awake brain. Approach. CSDs were reliably induced nontransgenic mice using optogenetic methods. High-fidelity DC-coupled electrophysiological mapping propagating was obtained flexible soultion-...