Using spectroscopic methods and time-resolved electron counting, it is found that clouds of cold Rydberg atoms can emit electrons over a surprisingly long time scale. Our observations are explained by l-mixing collisions between Rydberg atoms and slow electrons. The thereby created high-angular-momentum Rydberg atoms thermally ionize slowly and with large probabilities. Calculations supporting ...

We provide an estimate, sharp up to poly-logarithmic factors, of the asymptotically almost sure mixing time of the graph created by long-range percolation on the cycle of length N (Z/NZ). While it is known that the almost sure diameter drops from linear to poly-logarithmic as the exponent s decreases below 2 [4, 9], the almost sure mixing time drops from N only to N (up to poly-logarithmic fact...

We consider tilings of Z by two types of squares. We are interested in the rate of convergence to the stationarity of a natural Markov chain defined for square tilings. The rate of convergence can be represented by the mixing time which measures the amount of time it takes the chain to be close to its stationary distribution. We prove polynomial mixing time for n× logn regions in the case of ti...

In relation to the time-scale of chemical kinetics, diffusive transport in micro-devices is faster than in conventional mixers. To exploit the resulting potential for chemical process engineering, size effects evident in the transport processes have to be understood. For this purpose, the scaling behaviour concerning the transport of mass, momentum and heat are considered. Just as much, the mix...

Policy gradient reinforcement learning (PGRL) has been receiving substantial attention as a mean for seeking stochastic policies that maximize cumulative reward. However, the learning speed of PGRL is known to decrease substantially when PGRL explores the policies that give the Markov chains having long mixing time. We study a new approach of regularizing how the PGRL explores the policies by t...

At flight speeds, the residence time for atmospheric air ingested into a scramjet inlet and exiting from the engine nozzle is on the order of a millisecond. Therefore, fuel injected into the air must efficiently mix within tens of microseconds and react to release its energy in the combustor. The overall combustion process should be mixing controlled to provide a stable operating environment; i...

After recalling some elegant contributions of the late Freydoon Mansouri, we turn to neutrino physics and use a modicum of grand unification to relate quark and lepton mixing matrices. We advocate an expansion for the MNS matrix, à la Wolfenstein, and argue that in a wide class of models, θ13 is a Cabibbo mixing effect. Also the large neutrino mixing angles reflect the mass patterns of the righ...

This experiment was conducted to investigate the effects of different levels of canola oil and diet mixing time length on performance, carcass traits and blood lipids in broilers. In this experiment 288 Ross-308 broilers were used from 11 up to 42 days as factorial arrangement (3×2) included three levels of canola oil (0, 3 and 6%) and two mixing time length (10 and 15 minute) in 6 treatments, ...