This work demonstrates the utility of a particle-into-liquid sampler (PILS), a technique traditionally used for identification of inorganic ions present in ambient or laboratory aerosols, for the analysis of water-soluble organic aerosol (OA) using high-resolution electrospray ionization mass spectrometry (HR-ESI-MS). Secondary organic aerosol (SOA) was produced from 0.5 ppm mixing ratios of li...

As a part of the third Tibetan Plateau Experiment of Atmospheric Sciences (TIPEX III) in China, a Raman water vapor, cloud and aerosol lidar and a coherent wind lidar were operated in Naqu (31.48°N, 92.06°E) with a mean elevation of more than 4500 m above MSL in summer of 2014. During the field campaign, the water vapor mixing ratio profiles were obtained and validated by radiosonde observation...

The new double-moment microphysics scheme described in Part I of this paper is implemented into a single-column model to simulate clouds and radiation observed during the period 1 April–15 May 1998 of the Surface Heat Budget of the Arctic (SHEBA) and First International Satellite Cloud Climatology Project (ISCCP) Regional Experiment–Arctic Clouds Experiment (FIRE–ACE) field projects. Mean predi...

because of the role of climate parameters in climate change and improve the efficiency of climate and rainfall prediction models, the study of these parameters are very important in the world. the study of clouds have special important, because the clouds make connection between the synoptic patters and surface climate conditions and any change in its properties, can start a chain reaction in o...

Microwave radiometers (MWR) are commonly used to quantify the amount of supercooled liquid water (SLW) in clouds; however, the accuracy of the SLW retrievals is limited by the poor knowledge of the SLW dielectric properties at microwave frequencies. Six liquid water permittivity models were compared with ground-based MWR observations between 31 and 225GHz from sites in Greenland, the German Alp...

In this contribution, we attempt to correlate the change in water dynamics in a reverse micellar (RM) core caused by the modification of the interface by mixing an anionic surfactant, sodium bis(2-ethylhexyl) sulfosuccinate (AOT), and a nonionic surfactant, tetraethylene glycol monododecyl ether (Brij-30), at different proportions, and its consequent effect on the reactivity of water, measured ...

introductiondue to shortage of fresh water resources, the quality of impounded water behind the dams becomemore important than how it was previously as a source of fresh water resource. thermal regime anddissolved oxygen concentration are factors that affect the quality of water reservoirs.many lakes show vertical stratification of their water masses, at least for some extended timeperiods. the...