Abstract To investigate highway petrol station replenishment in initiative distribution mode, this paper develops a mixed-integer linear programming (MILP) model with minimal operational costs that includes loading costs, unloading transport and the caused by unpunctual distribution. Based on discrete representation, working day is divided into equal time intervals, truck process decomposed pai...

The ribosome's interactions with mRNA govern its translation rate and the effects of post-transcriptional regulation. Long, structured 5' untranslated regions (5' UTRs) are commonly found in bacterial mRNAs, though the physical mechanisms that determine how the ribosome binds these upstream regions remain poorly defined. Here, we systematically investigate the ribosome's interactions with struc...

Focusing on internal high-voltage ( ) switching and generation for low-voltage NAND flash memories, this paper describes a switch, row decoder, and charge-pump circuit. The proposed nMOS switch is composed of only intrinsic high-voltage transistors without channel implantation, which realizes both reduction of the minimum operating voltage and elimination of the leakage current. The proposed ro...

In order to reduce the power dissipation of CMOS products, semiconductor manufacturers are reducing the power supply voltage. This requires that the transistor threshold voltages be reduced as well to maintain adequate performance and noise margins. However, this increases the subthreshold leakage current of p and n MOSFETs, which starts to offset the power savings obtained from power supply re...

Standby redundant systems are often adopted in critical applications such as the Emergency Shutdown Systems (ESDS) in Nuclear Power Plants (NPPs). One failure mode of the standby redundant systems is that they are not available when there is a demand. This is a serious safety issue. Another failure mode of the standby safety critical systems is that they function spuriously when there is actual...

Abstract: The rapid advancements in science and technology aggravate the need for the optimal design of modern systems, aiming to achieve the maximum system reliability while meeting some resource constraints (e.g., cost, weight, etc). In this paper, we consider the system reliability optimization for series-parallel systems subject to commoncause failures (CCF). Unlike traditional approaches t...

In this paper, we analyze spare parts supply for a system with a “k-outof-N” redundancy structure for key components, different standby policies (cold, warm and hot standby redundancy) and local spare parts inventories for sub-components. We assume multiple part types (sub-components) that fail randomly with exponentially distributed interfailure times. Due to the standby policies and the limit...