This study provides evidence in the pig that stress experienced during gestation has long-lasting effects on offspring daughters, including their maternal behaviour. Thirty-six primiparous sows were divided into control and two groups that were stressed (by social mixing) during either the second (Mix 2) or third (Mix 3) trimester of pregnancy. We found detrimental effects of mixing on the moth...

MorphMix is a peer-to-peer circuit-based mix network to provide practical anonymous low-latency Internet access for millions of users. The basic ideas of MorphMix have been published before; this paper focuses on solving open problems and giving an analysis of the resistance to attacks and the performance it offers assuming realistic scenarios with very many users. We demonstrate that MorphMix ...

The paper develops a model of product differentiation in which the quality of a product may be negatively affected by the number of consumers buying it, as it is the case for any good affected by congestion. It is shown that for any positive degree of heterogeneity among the consumers, a monopolist will always find it more profitable to differentiate, i.e., to sell more than one quality of the ...

Syntax use by non-human animals remains a controversial issue. We present here evidence that a dog may respond to verbal requests composed of two independent terms, one referring to an object and the other to an action to be performed relative to the object. A female mongrel dog, Sofia, was initially trained to respond to action (point and fetch) and object (ball, key, stick, bottle and bear) t...

In this paper we present techniques by which each mix in a mix network can be paid for its services by message senders, in a way that ensures fairness and without sacrificing anonymity. We describe a payment mechanism for use in mix networks, and use this payment scheme in fair exchange mechanisms for both connection-based and messagebased mix networks. In connection-based mix networks, our pro...

Consider an open MIX-based anonymity system with N participants and a batch size of b. Assume a global passive adversary who targets a given participant Alice with a set RA of m communicating partners. Let H(RA | Bt) denote the entropy of RA as calculated by the adversary given t message sets (MIX batches) where Alice is a sender in each message set. Our main result is to express the rate at wh...

MIXes are a means of untraceable communication based on a public key cryptosystem, as published by David Chaum in 1981 (CACM 24/2, 84-88) (=[6]). In the case where RSA is used as this cryptosystem directly, i.e. without composition with other functions (e.g. destroying the multiplicative structure), we show how the resulting MIXes can be broken by an active attack which is perfectly feasible in...

We introduce an electronic election scheme, that is coercion-resistant, a notion introduced by Juels et al. in [JCJ05]. In our scheme we encrypt the credentials that serve as an authorisation to vote during registration. By using a MIX-cascade we can omit one time-consuming plaintext equivalence test in the tallying. In addition, the observer facilitates registration and voting for the benefit ...

This research paper describes the study of combined effect of Fly Ash (FA) and Rice Husk Ash (RHA) on properties of concrete as partial replacement of Ordinary Portland Cement (OPC). These by-products are having high pozzolanic reactivity. In this research, the composition of mix was used with 10% RHA along with 10, 20 and 30% FA as partial replacement of cement. In this study, the compressive ...

A weaning food based on malted foxtail millet flour (30%), malted barnyard millet flour (30%), roasted soybean flour (25%) and skim milk powder (15%) was prepared. The mix contained 18.37 g protein and 398 kcal energy per 100g. The nutrient composition of this unfortified weaning (UW) mix met the Prevention of Food Adulteration (PFA) standards, except in total ash. In order to meet the minor co...