BACKGROUND Anopheles sinensis (Diptera: Culicidae) is a primary vector of Plasmodium vivax and Brugia malayi in most regions of China. In addition, its phylogenetic relationship with the cryptic species of the Hyrcanus Group is complex and remains unresolved. Mitochondrial genome sequences are widely used as molecular markers for phylogenetic studies of mosquito species complexes, of which mito...

Rattus tiomanicus is a murid rodent of considerable agricultural and public health importance in Southeast Asia. The whole mitochondrial genome R. was sequenced by the Ion Torrent PGM platform. It had total length 16,309 bp, consisting 13 protein-coding genes, two rRNA 22 tRNA genes non-coding regions (L-strand replication origin control region). Only TAA incomplete T-stop codons were represent...

ABSTRACT The complete mitochondrial genome of the pseudococculinid limpet Notocrater youngi was determined using Illumina sequencing and found to be a double-stranded circular molecule 15,915 bp in length. It contains usual 13 protein-coding genes, 2 ribosomal RNA genes 22 transfer although with gene order that differs from those all other presently known Vetigastropoda, is derived within Lepet...

Mitochondria are intracellular organelles where oxidative phosphorylation is carried out to complete ATP synthesis. Mitochondria have their own genome; in metazoans, this is a small, circular molecule encoding 13 electron transport proteins, 22 tRNAs, and 2 rRNAs. In invertebrates, mitochondrial gene rearrangement is common, and it is correlated with increased substitution rates. In vertebrates...

Mitochondrial sequences are an important source of data in animal phylogenetics, equivalent in importance to plastid sequences in plants. However, in recent years plant systematists have begun exploring the mitochondrial genome as a source of phylogenetically useful characters. The plant mitochondrial genome is renowned for its variability in size, structure, and gene organization, but this nee...

Mitochondrial dysfunction has been observed in skeletal muscle of people with diabetes and insulin-resistant individuals. Furthermore, inherited mutations in mitochondrial DNA can cause a rare form of diabetes. However, it is unclear whether mitochondrial dysfunction is a primary cause of the common form of diabetes. To date, common genetic variants robustly associated with type 2 diabetes (T2D...

The synonymous substitution rate varies widely among species, but it is generally quite stable within a genome due to the absence of strong selective pressures. In plants, plastid genes tend to evolve faster than mitochondrial genes, rate variation among species generally correlates between the mitochondrial and plastid genomes, and few examples of intragenomic rate heterogeneity exist. To stud...

BACKGROUND Due to their lack of repair capacity mitochondria are critical targets for environmental toxicants. We studied genes and pathways reflecting mitochondrial responses to short- and medium-term PM10 exposure. METHODS Whole genome gene expression was measured in peripheral blood of 98 adults (49% women). We performed linear regression analyses stratified by sex and adjusted for individ...

With the sequencing of the entire mitochondrial genome for some species, including Arabidopsis thaliana, Brassica napus, Beta vulgaris, Marchantia polymorpha, Oryza sativa, and Zea mays it is promising to explore the molecular genetics of mitochondrial respiratoryrelated genes in relation to some special traits with an emphasis on cytoplasmic male-sterility unique to plant mitochondria. Mitocho...

Trisomy of chromosome 21 (TS21) is the most common autosomal aneuploidy compatible with postnatal survival with a prevalence of 1 in 700 newborns. Its phenotype is highly complex with constant features, such as mental retardation, dysmorphic traits and hypotonia, and variable features including heart defects, susceptibility to Alzheimer’s disease (AD), type 2 diabetes, obesity and immune disord...