Acquired resistance of Helicobacter pylori to metronidazole and clarithromycin has been reported, with metronidazole resistance being very common. This has an important clinical impact on dual therapies, as well as on the standard triple therapies. However, when antisecretory drug based triple therapies with amoxycillin or clarithromycin and metronidazole are used, the resistance can be overcom...

Propolis has traditionally been used in curing infections and healing wounds and burns. Current researches have shown that propolis has antibacterial, antifungal and antiviral actions however, the pharmacological activity of propolis is highly variable depending on its geographic origin. There have been few studies on the effects of Iranian propolis on the oral microorganisms. In this in-vitro ...

An indirect enzyme–linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) was developed for screening of antibody to avian infectious bronchitis virus (IBV). Antigen was prepared from whole-purified IBV Massachusetts serotype (BR 801 strain). Optimum dilution with minimum background for antigen concentration, rabbit anti-chicken conjugate and sera in developed ELISA was determined 0.1μg/ml, 1:3000 and 1:100, respe...

The aim of this study is to determine the sensitivity of polyphenol green tea on mutans streptococci. Tea is a traditional drink that is beneficial to health. One of its benefits is its capability to prevent dental caries because it has active substance polyphenol.An extract of green tea non-fermented tea leaves of Camellia sinensis and its chromatographically isolated polyphenol compound was e...

Rhizoctonia solani Kuhn. is a fungal pathogen that causes sheath blight in rice plants. Sheath disease can reduce production for the people of Indonesia. To prevent blight, fungicides are used. The continuous use synthetic with inappropriate doses have negative impact, so it necessary to look alternatives vegetable fungicides, one which clove leaf (Syzygium aromaticum L.). aim this study was de...

The efficacy of antagonistic microorganisms and secondary metabolites entomopathogenic bacteria was evaluated in vitro vivo against Xanthomonas oryzae pv. (Xoo), a causal agent rice bacterial leaf blight. effect the culture filtrates tested Xoo, using agar well diffusion assay. Trichoderma sp. UB05/3 most effective Xoo. However, results were not statistically different from those bacterium Serr...

Background and Objectives: Melissa officinalis belongs to plant Lamiaceae family and is native to Iran as well as other countries. The aim of this study was to identify chemical compositions and antioxidant activity of the M. officinalis essential oil (EO). Another aim of this paper was to assess antimicrobial activity of M. officinalis EO on growth of clinical and commercial strains causing in...

BACKGROUND Glutamate transporters [also named excitatory amino acid transporters (EAATs)] bind and take up extracellular glutamate, a major excitatory neurotransmitter, and can regulate glutamatergic neurotransmission in synapses. As anaesthesia is proposed to be induced by enhancing inhibitory neurotransmission, inhibiting excitatory neurotransmission, or both we hypothesize that inhibition of...