1. SUMMARY Surgery simulation technology has made strong progress in recent years. This has come both from development of new basic technology, and from actual implementation of this technology in practical surgery simulation systems. This paper provides an overview of the basic issues in surgery simulation development. Issues such as procedural versus skills simulators, and the relationship be...

cles or the tendons then that’s minimally invasive surgery. If you can do it with two incisions, three incisions, or ten incisions, it doesn’t matter, as long as you don’t cut the muscles or the tendons. Most of the ways that surgeons are doing a single mini incision involve cutting the muscles and cutting the tendons. There’s nothing magic about making one incision or two incisions. However, t...

Technology is constantly changing, and it is important for perioperative nurses to stay current on new products and technologies in the perioperative setting. AORN's "Recommended practices for electrosurgery" addresses safety standards that all perioperative personnel should follow to minimize risks to both patients and staff members during the use of electrosurgical devices. Recommendations in...

Challenges facing surgical practice in the immediate future will not only be in the fields of clinical and operative surgical techniques, but will also involve a new complexity of clinical, para-clinical and economical issues. The impact of casemix, clinical carepaths, evidence-based medicine, high-technological advances, minimally invasive surgery, teleconferencing, robotic surgery, etc will t...

Off-pump Coronary Artery Bypass Grafting (CABG) is still a technically difficult procedure. The mechanical stabilizers used for local suppression of the heart excursion have been demonstrated to exhibit significant residual motion, which could lead to a lack of accuracy in performing the surgical task, particularly when using a minimally invasive surgery (MIS) approach. We therefore propose a n...

Minimally invasive techniques in neurosurgery evolved in two steps. Many minimally invasive concepts like neuronavigation, endoscopy, or frame based stereotaxy were developed by the pioneers of neurosurgery, but it took decades till further technical developments made the realization and broad clinical application of these early ideas safe and possible. This thesis will be demonstrated by givin...

This article discusses the potential benefits and challenges of minimally invasive surgery for infants and small children, and discusses why pediatric minimally invasive surgery is not yet the surgical default or standard of care. Minimally invasive methods offer advantages such as smaller incisions, decreased risk of infection, greater surgical precision, decreased cost of care, reduced length...

As surgery has been extended into the elderly population, health-related quality of life (HRQOL) has been appropriately added as a parameter to evaluate surgical success. Surgery remains of significant risk in older patients, and an estimate of the type of outcome, including morbidity, mortality, and HRQOL can aid in that decision. New techniques, such as laparoscopic or minimally invasive surg...

In the clinical practice the concerns about the administration of hypnotics and analgesics for minimally invasive diagnostics and therapeutic procedures have enormously increased in recent years. The automatic detection of changes in the signals used to evaluate the depth of anesthesia is hence of foremost importance in order to decide how to adapt administered doses to patients undergoing surg...