n page 987, Yu et al. identify a novel cell death pathway that bypasses mito-chondria. The results indicate that various strategies exist to kill off neurons. A lot of the killing of sympathetic neurons occurs in the first week after birth. During that paring period, ‫ف‬ 50% of sympathetic neurons die due to a lack of nerve growth factor (NGF). Neurons deprived of NGF in vitro die through the c...

Fuel cells are receiving widespread attention as an alternate source for clean energy, and one of the most important developments are proton-exchange membrane fuel cells (PEMFC) which operate using hydrogen at low temperatures. In the U.S., there is a considerable effort underway to develop H2 as the preferred fuel due to the potential for decreasing our dependence on imported oil, and the envi...

The Cluster of Excellence (CoE) ̈Tailor-Made Fuels from Biomass ̈ (TMFB) takes an interdisciplinary research approach towards new synthetic fuels based on biomass feedstock. New target-designed synthesis pathways, employing novel catalytic systems, reaction solvents and tightly integrated production processes, which embed intensified process units for fuel production, are considered to create new...

The overall objective of this project is to carry out the fundamental research needed to develop a first-generation, structure-based model of coal char formation and combustion. Current models of char combustion and carbon burnout estimate char behavior from empirical relations based on parent coal properties. With the wide range of fuels of interest to modern combustion systems (international ...

A review of conventional methods of production of hydrogen from fossil fuels is presented. Some advanced and unconventional methods of production of hydrogen based on fossil fuels are also presented. The general characteristics of the feedstocks used to produce hydrogen are first described. This is followed by the chemistry required to generate hydrogen. Then the chemical process operations and...

Slagging and fouling are common problems associated with biomass firing. The different nature of the mineral phase composition ash makes vast experience coal firing insufficient for its translation to fuels, especially when it comes slagging behavior. Biomass tends have lower content than coals; however, is often rich in volatile alkalis. deposits found on boiler walls superheater tubes compris...

more than 80 percent of the china's population is located in the rural areas, 95 percent of which use coal, wood etc for cooking and heating. limited by data availability, the association between household solid fuels and cardiovascular diseases (cvds) in china's rural areas is ignored in prior studies.this cross sectional study was conducted from 2010-2012 and carried out on rural population a...

The energy sector is one of the most important industrial sectors, especially in era depleting sources mineral fuels, climate-related threats resulting from negative effects production fossil fuels on natural environment, and associated need to develop based renewable sources. Hence, financial performance firms sector, largest firms, an research issue. purpose this paper determine position list...

We investigated the relationship between LiDAR and ladder fuels in the northern Sierra Nevada, California USA. Ladder fuels are often targeted in hazardous fuel reduction treatments due to their role in propagating fire from the forest floor to tree crowns. Despite their importance, ladder fuels are difficult to quantify. One common approach is to calculate canopy base height, but this has many...