The Chinese Pangolin is a ‘Critically Endangered’ species, which estimated to have declined by over 90% in the last 21 years due increased anthropogenic activities on species and its habitat. Only few pieces of research been done throughout Nepal; there little information among mammal Nepal, especially distribution habitat preference. This study was set assess preferences Panauti municipality, ...

The mathematical study of genealogies has yielded important insights in population biology, such as the ability to estimate the time to the most recent common ancestor (MRCA) of a sample of genetic sequences or of a group of individuals. Here we introduce a model of cultural genealogies that is a step toward answering similar questions for cultural traits. In our model individuals can inherit f...

An important clue to the evolutionary history of an allele is the structure of the neighboring region of the genome, which we term the genomic background of the allele. Consider two copies of the allele. How similar we expect their genomic background to be is strongly influenced by the age of their most recent common ancestor (MRCA). We apply diffusion theory, first used by Motoo Kimura as a to...

The mutation process is introduced into the colored coalescent theory. The mutation process can be viewed as an independent Poisson process running on the colored genealogical random tree generated by the colored coalescent process, with the edge lengths of the random tree serving as the time scale for the mutation process. Moving backward along the colored genealogical tree, the color of verti...

The genealogies of samples of orthologous regions from multiple species can be classified by their shapes. Using a neutral coalescent model of two species, I give exact probabilities of each of four possible genealogical shapes: reciprocal monophyly, two types of paraphyly, and polyphyly. After the divergence that forms two species, each of which has population size N, polyphyly is the most lik...

A new species. Quinisulcius solani, is described and illustrated from specimens on Solanum tuberosum from Murree Hills, Pakistan. Q. solani n.sp. differs from its closest relative, Q. acutus (Allen, 1955) Siddiqi, 1971, by its spiral to open 'C' shaped body and stylet length of 19 mun, vs. 17 mum in Q. acutus. In Q. acutus the stylet knobs project anteriorly but slope posteriorly in Q. solani n...

From the $Department of Hwmatology, University of Cambridge, MRC Centre, Hills Road, Cambridge CB2 2QH, the MFRC ~OratOOrY of Molecular signalling, Department of Zoology, University of Cambridge, Downing Street, Cambridge CB2 3EJ, t h ((Department Of Pharmacology, University of Cambridge, Tennis Court Road, Cambridge CB2 lQJ, and t h **Rheumatology Research unit, Addenbrooke’s Hospital, Hills R...