Over the past 10-15 years, the diagnosis of α1-antitrypsin deficiency (AATD) has markedly improved as a result of increasing awareness and the publication of diagnostic recommendations by the American Thoracic Society (ATS)/European Respiratory Society (ERS). Nevertheless, the condition remains substantially underdiagnosed. Furthermore, when AATD is diagnosed there is a delay before treatment i...

A 32-year-old white woman reported worsening dyspnea for 1 month without cough or fever. She had received a diagnosis of granulomatosis and polyangitis (GPA) 13 months previously, confi rmed by kidney biopsy and an elevated serum antinuclear cytoplasmic antibody level. Her initial presentation of GPA included renal failure and alveolar hemorrhage with rash and arthralgias. At the time of our ev...

A microscopic framework for developing phenomenological constitutive models was recently developed for granular materials. The plastic strains are computed from relative sliding and rolling of particles, and the resulting microscopic theory is called the sliding-rolling theory. Within this framework, a phenomenological constitutive model was then developed to describe the anisotropic stress-str...

This Letter presents an efficient, fast, and straightforward two-step demodulating method based on a Gram-Schmidt (GS) orthonormalization approach. The phase-shift value has not to be known and can take any value inside the range (0,2π), excluding the singular case, where it corresponds to π. The proposed method is based on determining an orthonormalized interferogram basis from the two supplie...