One of the three components Rwanda’s flagship anti-poverty programme, Vision 2020 Umurenge (VUP), is provision credit to relatively poor households, nearly all them farmers. In this paper we estimate impact programme using high-quality household survey data from 2013/2014 and 2016/2017. Using panel data, double-difference model shows that households borrow increase their stock livestock. This c...

The ability of microcredit programmes to empower women remains highly contested, with studies alternatively championing their worth or denouncing ineffectiveness. This article examines why there are such differences opinion as the value programming for women's empowerment. Through using a qualitative analysis interviews and focus group discussions self-help participants in West Bengal, this sho...