The pattern and diffuse flash electroretinograms were measured in 20 normal subjects and 40 diabetic patients who had either normal fundi or microaneurysms only. The amplitudes of the pattern electroretinogram were found to be similar in both normals and diabetics. In the case of the flash electroretinogram the diabetic patients showed a division into two main groups. One group was not dissimil...

The diagnosis of systemic diseases, such as vasculitis, may be difficult because of an uncharacteristic clinical presentation or the inability to obtain histopathological confirmation. Classification criteria for the systemic vasculitides have been composed as a guide for the diagnostic process. If polyarteritis nodosa (PAN) is strongly suspected histological confirmation is not mandatory for t...

While drug eluting stents (DES) are being more widely used in ever more patients receiving DES each day, some new complications may be emerging. Stent fractures and hypersensitivity reactions to stents are among recognized complications that can lead to therapeutic dead end from the interventional cardiologist's point of view. We present a case in which we reached therapeutic dead end with a si...

Microaneurysms physical weakening of the capillary walls which predisposes them to leakages. Hard exudates precipitates of lipoproteins/other proteins leaking from retinal blood vessels. Haemorrhages rupture of weakened capillaries, appearing as small dots/larger blots or 'flame' haemorrhages that track along nerve-fibre bundles in superficial retinal layers (the haemorrhage arises from larger ...

BACKGROUND Cotton wool spots are known to be a complication in patients with thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura or with polymyositis. CASE A 53-year-old woman developed numerous cotton wool spots around the optic disc of both eyes. OBSERVATIONS Fluorescein angiography disclosed capillary obstruction and microaneurysms in the early phase, followed by dye leakage in the late phase. Systemica...

Diabetic retinopathy is a major cause of blindness in the world. It will take more time to identify the clinical features such as microaneurysms, hemorrhages, exudates and cottonwool spots through manual inspection of fundus images. A computer assisted diagnosis system can help to reduce the burden on the ophthalmologist and rapidly identify the most severe cases. An efficient approach for red ...

Microaneurysms physical weakening of the capillary walls which predisposes them to leakages. Hard exudates precipitates of lipoproteins/other proteins leaking from retinal blood vessels. Haemorrhages rupture of weakened capillaries, appearing as small dots/larger blots or 'flame' haemorrhages that track along nerve-fibre bundles in superficial retinal layers (the haemorrhage arises from larger ...