Simple analytical formulas for micro-bending and surface scattering loss in Hollow-Core Tube Lattice Fibers are here proposed numerically validated. They can also be applied to other fibers with similar core-cladding interfaces such as Hybrid cladding Kagome-Tubular, Nested Tubes, Kagome fibers. Scaling laws both mechanisms given discussed.

EDITORIAL COMMENT Studies have been made of the biliary excretion of the antibiotic rifamide in patients with T-tube drainage of the bile ducts. Using a therapeutic dose, the concentration achieved is 100,000 times the minimal inhibitory concentration for Gram-positive and about 100 times that for Gram-negative micro-organisms. Concentrations in the gall bladder were less but were of therapeuti...

A simple micro (0.1 ml.) colorimetric method is described for the determination of serum calcium. This method employs the differential chelating characteristic of glyoxyl bis (2-hydroxyanil) in the presence of other divalent cations. The serum sample is placed in a colorimetric tube followed by additions of water, glyoxyl bis (2-hydroxyanil) reagent, and alkaline carbonate color developer. Chlo...

We measured the timing resolution of TOF counters by means of Cherenkov-light detection with a Micro-Channel Plate PhotoMultiplier Tube, and attained sTOF 1⁄4 6:2 ps using 3GeV=c pion-beams with a readout electronics of 4.1 ps resolution. The optimum radiator thickness was examined and the detectable number of photo-electrons was analyzed. r 2006 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. PACS: 85.60.H...

objective the purpose of this study was to assess the frequency of complications of endotracheal intubation (eti) in neonates. methods the newborns that were admitted and needed urgent or semi-urgent intubation were enrolled in this study over a 1 year period. route for intubation in all cases were orotracheal. cases were not routinely sedated or paralyzed. the patients were clinically and radi...

background and purpose: inserting a nasogastric tube, though a common clinical procedure with widespread use for critically ill patients, can produce unexpected complications so that tube misplacement into the lungs is a potential complication with serious consequences. the reliability of common bedside methods to differentiate between pulmonary and gastric placement has not been acceptable. th...

UNLABELLED Nano-computed tomography (nano-CT) is an emerging, high-resolution cross-sectional imaging technique and represents a technical advancement of the established micro-CT technology. Based on the application of a transmission target X-ray tube, the focal spot size can be decreased down to diameters less than 400 nanometers (nm). Together with specific detectors and examination protocols...

The thermal transmission coefficient for a micro-ribbed tube has been determined using theoretical relationships and the outcomes of such calculations have compared with experiments conducted R1234yf refrigerant undergoing condensation. In particular four single-phase flow three multi-phase models used in this regard. experimental results show that: Oliver et al. criterion equation overestimate...