There is a growing interest to use acoustic sensors for selection in tree breeding to ensure high wood quality of future plantations. In this study, we assessed acoustic velocity as a selection trait for the improvement of mechanical wood properties in two 15and 32-year-old white spruce (Picea glauca [Moench.] Voss) genetic tests. Individual heritability of acoustic velocity was moderate and of...

Multi-Factor Authentication (MFA), often coupled with Key Exchange (KE), offers very strong protection for secure communication and has been recommended by many major governmental and industrial bodies for use in highly sensitive applications. Instantiations of the MFA concept vary in practice and in the research literature and various efforts in designing secure MFA protocols have proven unsuc...

This study aims at better understanding the respective influences of specific gravity ( ), microfibril angle (MFA), and cell-wall matrix polymers on viscoelastic vibrational properties of wood in axial direction. The wide variations of properties between normal wood (NW) and compression wood (CW) are in focus. Three young bent trees (Picea abies, Pinus sylvestris and Pinus pinaster) that recove...

Opportunistic observations of behavioral responses by delphinids to incidental mid-frequency active (MFA) sonar were recorded in the Southern California Bight from 2004 through 2008 using visual focal follows, static hydrophones, and autonomous recorders. Sound pressure levels were calculated between 2 and 8 kHz. Surface behavioral responses were observed in 26 groups from at least three specie...

The historical role of agriculture in economic geography and recent conceptual developments – including multifunctional agriculture (MFA), the new economic geography, amenity-driven growth, and the “world is flat” and “creative class” hypotheses – are examined, and recent empirical research in North America and Europe is reviewed, in order to assess the potential for MFA as an engine of regiona...

Complex networks have attracted growing attention in many fields. As a generalization of fractal analysis, multifractal analysis (MFA) is a useful way to systematically describe the spatial heterogeneity of both theoretical and experimental fractal patterns. Some algorithms for MFA of unweighted complex networks have been proposed in the past a few years, including the sandbox (SB) algorithm re...

Understanding how the b-wave of the electroretinogram (ERG) is generated by full-field light stimulation is still a challenge in visual neuroscience. To understand more about the origin of the b-wave, we studied the contributions of gap junctions to the ERG b-wave. Many types of retinal neurons are connected to similar and different neighboring neurons through gap junctions. The photopic (cone-...

This paper introduces a new method to account for the stocks and flows of road infrastructure at national level based on material flow accounting (MFA). The proposed closes some current shortcomings in infrastructures that were identified through MFA: (1) insufficient implementation prospective analysis, (2) heavy use archetypes as way represent infrastructure, (3) inadequate attention inclusio...

Multi-factor Authentication (MFA) often referred to as Two-factor (2FA), which is a subset of MFA, the practice implementing additional security methods on top standard username and password help authenticate identity user increase data.This chapter will investigate problem with logins, different types authentication, current best for multi-factor authentication interpretations about how techno...

Abstract Background Prenatal depression and adult attachment are factors that affect the establishment of an intimate relationship between a mother fetus. The study explored differences in prenatal maternal-fetal (MFA) scores different types effects maternal dimensions on intimacy with Methods Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale (EPDS), Experience Close Relationship (ECR) scale, Maternal Anten...