BACKGROUND Interpretations of profile and preference based measure scores can differ. Profile measures often use a norm-based scoring algorithm where each scale is scored to have a standardized mean and standard deviation, relative to the general population scores/norms (i.e., norm-based). Preference-based index measures generate an overall scores on the conventional scale in which 0.00 is assi...

Efficient control of wastewater treatment processes are of great importance. The requirements on the treated water (effluent standards) have to be met at a feasible cost. This motivates the use of advanced control strategies. In this thesis the activated sludge process, commonly found in the biological wastewater treatment step for nitrogen removal, was considered. Multivariable interactions pr...

Over the last decade temporal logics been extensively and successfully used as formal tools both in AI and software engineering but logics describing space have not been developed and exploited to the same degree, although we believe they are at least as important. Reasoning about space requires the explicit representation of topological, metrical and geometrical information. In contrast to our...

The purpose of this paper is to extend an interpolation theorem for sublinear operators on Lp spaces, obtained by Calderon and Zygmund, to similar operators acting on 77p spaces, p>0 [l]. We begin by making a few definitions. Let T be a mapping defined on a class of functions that are analytic in the interior of the unit circle \w\ <1, taking values that are measurable functions on some measure...

The Price equation shows the unity between the fundamental expressions of change in biology, in information and entropy descriptions of populations, and in aspects of thermodynamics. The Price equation partitions the change in the average value of a metric between two populations. A population may be composed of organisms or particles or any members of a set to which we can assign probabilities...

We consider the Alugthe transform T̃ = |T |1/2U |T |1/2 of a Hilbert space operator T , where T = U |T | is the polar decomposition of T . We prove that the map T 7→ T̃ is continuous with respect to the norm topology and with respect to the ∗–SOT topology. For T in a tracial von Neumann algebra, we show that the Brown measure is unchanged by the Aluthge transform. We consider the special case whe...

Rhythmic patterns are an important structural element in music. This paper investigates the use of rhythmic pattern modeling to infer metrical structure in musical audio recordings. We present a Hidden Markov Model (HMM) based system that simultaneously extracts beats, downbeats, tempo, meter, and rhythmic patterns. Our model builds upon the basic structure proposed by Whiteley et. al [20], whi...

This paper describes a fuzzy union based approach for automatically evaluating machine generated extract summaries. The proposed method represents every sentence within a machine generated summary as a fuzzy set. Sentences in the reference summary are assigned membership grades in each of these fuzzy sets using cosine distance measure. Finally Fuzzy union (s-norm operation) is used to compute a...

background: breast cancer remains the most common malignancy in women worldwide and is the leading cause of cancer-related mortality . mammography is as the most accurate method for early detection of breast cancer. despite evidence that regular mammography screening can reduce breast cancer mortality; many women fail to receive mammography. this study aimed to determine the factors affecting m...