IN a previous communication [Boyland and Boyland, 1934] two distinct lactic dehydrogenases were described, one present in yeast and one in mammalian muscle. Tumour tissue (Jensen rat sarcoma) extracts made by the method previously used with muscle reduced methylene blue rapidly in the presence of lactic dehydrogenase coenzyme (prepared after Banga et al. [1932]) in the absence of any other subs...

Epidemiologic data suggest that increasing folate intake may protect against colorectal cancer. Riboflavin may interact with folate to modulate the effect. A double-blind randomized placebo-controlled intervention study (the FAB2 Study) was carried out in healthy controls and patients with colorectal polyps (adenomatous and hyperplastic) to examine effects of folic acid and riboflavin supplemen...

Human mutations in MTHFD1 have recently been identified in patients with severe combined immunodeficiency (SCID). SCID results from inborn errors of metabolism that cause impaired T- and B-cell proliferation and function. One of the most common causes of SCID is adenosine deaminase (ADA) deficiency, which ultimately inhibits DNA synthesis and cell division. MTHFD1 has been shown to translocate ...

The methyltetrahydrofolate:corrinoid/iron-sulfur protein methyltransferase (MeTr) enzyme was originally isolated from the acetogenic bacteria Moorella (formerly Clostridium) thermoaceticum [612]. This bacterium, as some other anaerobic organisms, can obtain its entire carbon and energy source from CO or H2/CO2 by the Wood-Ljungdahl or acetyl-CoA pathway [613-615]. Initially, CO2 is reduced to f...

Srp40p is a nonessential yeast nucleolar protein proposed to function as a chaperone for over 100 small nucleolar ribonucleoprotein particles that are required for rRNA maturation. To verify and expand on its function, genetic screens were performed for the identification of genes that were lethal when mutated in a SRP40 null background (srp40Delta). Unexpectedly, mutation of both cytosolic ser...

The mitochondrial multienzyme glycine decarboxylase (GDC) catalyzes the tetrahydrofolate-dependent catabolism of glycine to 5,10-methylene-tetrahydrofolate and the side products NADH, CO(2), and NH(3). This reaction forms part of the photorespiratory cycle and contributes to one-carbon metabolism. While the important role of GDC for these two metabolic pathways is well established, the existenc...

Two distinct D-amino acid dehydrogenases, each showing absolute speci&ity for methylene blue or 2,6-dichloroindophenol, respectively, were isolated from Pseudomonas @orescens (ATCC 11299B). The methylene blue-specific ~-amino acid dehydrogenase was detectable only in extracts from D-tryptophan-grown cells and was purified about 40-fold. The 2,6-dichloroindophenol-specif?c ~-amino acid dehydroge...