OBJECTIVES Dutch health economic guidelines include a costing manual, which describes preferred research methodology for costing studies and reference prices to ensure high quality studies and comparability between study outcomes. This paper describes the most important revisions of the costing manual compared to the previous version. METHODS An online survey was sent out to potential users o...

This paper provides a short overview of dynamic models, denoted as adaptive or evolutive, recently adopted in economics and social sciences to describe systems with heterogeneous and boundedly rational agents. Some simple mathematical formalizations are shown, and a comparison between this kind of emerging literature and the orthodox main stream paradigm based on the assumption of fully rationa...

This paper deals with a new concept introducing notion of fuzzy set to one mathematical model describing a economic system. A finite pure exchange economy is considered.

Security managers face the challenge of designing security policies that deliver the objectives required by their organizations. We explain how a rigorous modelling framework and methodology— grounded in semantically justified mathematical systems modelling, the economics of decision-making, and simulation—can be used to explore the operational consequences of their design choices and help secu...

One of the topical problems of the economics sciences and practices is Latvian national economy risk management scientific basis working out. The main tasks of risk management are risk management methodology elaboration, identification of risk factors, analysis, assessment, acceptation of decision, components and principles of monitoring and adaptation to Latvia’s conditions. The main component...

A cost structure is proposed for evaluating and improving the ecological-economic efficiency of baling sub-scheme units within solid waste management schemes that end with, for example, incineration for heat and power production. The methodology proposed employs the previously introduced WAste Managements’ Efficient Decision model (WAMED) and the COmpany STatistical BUSiness Tool for Environmen...

This paper demonstrates how stereotypic student groups can be created to enhance cognitive models in computer tutors. Computer tutors use cognitive models to track what skills students are learning and what practice attempts are most needed; often, these models contain relatively few individualized student parameters due to computational concerns. A hybrid approach emphasizing tractability and ...