Macrophages are key target cells for HIV-1. HIV-1(BaL) induced a subset of interferon-stimulated genes in monocyte-derived macrophages (MDMs), which differed from that in monocyte-derived dendritic cells and CD4 T cells, without inducing any interferons. Inhibition of type I interferon induction was mediated by HIV-1 inhibition of interferon-regulated factor (IRF3) nuclear translocation. In MDM...

The Modular Distributed Manipulator System (MDMS) is a macroscopic actuator array which can manipulate objects in the plane. The piecewiseconstant dynamics of manipulation on the MDMS are developed based on an exact discrete representation of the system. The resulting dynamics are inverted enabling the calculation of an open-loop vector eld which provides arbitrary uniform object dynamics. The ...

Discourse markers, a group of pragmatic elements, are used widely in our daily communication. Among these markers, well is found to be the most frequently used one in conversation. Although much research has been carried out on its theoretical bases such as its definition, functions and categorizations, few studies have taken a multimodal approach in analyzing this marker. The aim of the presen...

An unprecedented combination of simulative and metaphor-based reasoning about beliefs is achieved in an AI system, ATT-Meta. Much mundane discourse about beliefs uses conceptual metaphors (e.g., MIND AS CONTAINER) productively, and ATT-Meta's metaphor-based reasoning accordingly leads to crucial discourse comprehension decisions. ATT-Meta's non-metaphorical mode of belief reasoning includes sim...

This discussion note deals with the reformulation markers (RMs) that is, that is to say, in other words, namely, i.e. and viz. and the role they play in linguistic communication as described by Sperber and Wilson (1986/1995). According to Blakemore (1996), items such as that is (to say) and in other words are conceptual and non-truth conditional. This fact makes her conclude that classifying th...

this paper examines translating free indirect discourse (fid) in three persian translations of woolf's to the lighthouse. first, it is referred to narrative discourse and the linguistic markers of fid as well as its effects and functions briefly. then, translating fid in three hoseini's, bejanian's and keyhan's translations of woolf's novel is analyzed, through comparin...

The Modular Distributed Manipulator System (MDMS) is a macroscopic actuator array which can manipulate objects in the plane. The piecewise-constant dynamics of manipulation on the MDMS are developed based on an exact discrete representation of the system. The resulting dynamics are inverted enabling the calculation of an open-loop vector eld which provides arbitrary uniform object dynamics. The...

Discourse markers are an important means to signal the kind of coherence relation holding between adjacent text spans. Research on generating discourse markers has been mainly concerned with causal markers, whereas temporal markers have not received much attention. In this paper, we identify semantic, pragmatic and syntactic features that are required to support a motivated choice of German tem...

HIV-1 infection of macrophages plays a key role in viral pathogenesis and progression to AIDS. Polyinosine-polycytidylic acid (poly(I:C); a synthetic analog of dsRNA) and bacterial lipopolysaccharide (LPS), the ligands for Toll-like receptors (TLR) TLR3 and TLR4, respectively, are known to decrease HIV-1 infection in monocyte-derived macrophages (MDMs), but the mechanism(s) are incompletely und...

Distinguishing between paradigmatic relations such as synonymy, antonymy and hypernymy is an important prerequisite in a range of NLP applications. In this paper, we explore discourse relations as an alternative set of features to lexico-syntactic patterns. We demonstrate that statistics over discourse relations, collected via explicit discourse markers as proxies, can be utilized as salient in...