Purpose: Contrast sensitivity, the ability to distinguish relative difference in luminance of an object from its surrounding or adjacent objects, is a useful measure visual function. In granular corneal dystrophy type 2 (GCD2), opacity stroma causes deterioration We compared contrast sensitivity GCD2 patients before and after phototherapeutic keratectomy (PTK) evaluate perioperative function th...

Purpose To determine the effective dynamic range (EDR), retest reliability, and number of discriminable steps (DS) for mesopic and dark-adapted two-color fundus-controlled perimetry (FCP) using the S-MAIA (Scotopic-Macular Integrity Assessment) "micro-perimeter." Methods In this prospective cross-sectional study, each of the 52 eyes of 52 subjects with various macular diseases (mean age 62.0 ...

High dynamic range (HDR) imaging is becoming an increasingly popular practice in computer graphics, bringing unprecedented levels of realism to computer-generated imagery and rich detail preservation to photographs and films. HDR imagery can embrace more accurately the wide range of light intensities found in real scenes than its counterpart, low dynamic range (LDR), which are tailored to the l...

The roles of rod and cone input and of dopamine in the generation of oscillatory potentials were studied in tiger salamander retina. Under scotopic conditions, oscillations were elicited with a green, but not a red stimulus. With mesopic background illumination, both stimuli caused oscillations. Addition of quinpirole to a mesopic retina eliminated oscillations while SKF-38393 had no effect. Si...

PURPOSE To investigate the relationship between macular pigment (MP) and visual function in subjects with early age-related macular degeneration (AMD). METHODS 121 subjects with early AMD enrolled as part of the Central Retinal Enrichment Supplementation Trial (CREST; ISRCTN13894787) were assessed using a range of psychophysical measures of visual function, including best corrected visual acu...

OBJECTIVE To evaluate the relationship between ablation diameter, pupil size, and visual function as measured by a vision-specific quality-of-life instrument after undergoing laser in situ keratomileusis. METHODS Of 300 patients eligible for this study, 97 (32.3%) responded to a mailed study questionnaire, the National Eye Institute Refractive Error Quality of Life (RQL) Instrument. The RQL I...

The objectives of this study were to determine the effects of reducing light level on mobility performance in persons with age-related macular degeneration (ARMD) and how performance relates to measures of visual sensory and perceptual function. ARMD results in the loss of central, high-acuity vision and is the leading cause of vision loss in veterans participating in the blind rehabilitation p...

10.1586/EOP.11.32 Oxygen is fundamental to animal life. It is a prerequisite for the production of biological energy through cytoplasmic glycolysis and mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation, typically as adenosine triphosphate (ATP), to fuel metabolic reactions. ATP is generated on demand, requiring a continuous supply of oxygen, so hypoxia may be simply defined as a state of oxygenation that...