Even on the latest workstations ray tracing is still a very time-consuming algorithm. This paper makes a thorough analysis of previous attempts to accelerate ray tracing by means of parallelization with general purpose processors and by means of designing special purpose processors. Since much work has been done concurrently by many researchers, only the most important milestones are mentioned....

The aim of this paper is to study the (clinical) time-series data of three diseases with complex dynamics: Parkinson’s disease, Huntington’s disease and Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis. For this purpose, first all of the time series data are embedded in a vector space of suitable dimension and then the correlation dimension of the above mentioned diseases is estimated. The results are also compar...

Topology is an important and major area of mathematics and it can give many relationships between other scientific areas and mathematical models. Recently, many scientists have studied and improved the soft set theory, which is initiated by Molodtsov [27] and easily applied to many problems having uncertainties from social life. The main purpose of this paper, is to introduce more properties of...

In 1930 Frey described an unusual involuntary movement of the muscles of the chin, inherited as a dominant characteristic through five generations. Ganner (1938) described a similar family, and in discussion Westphal (1938) mentioned a family in whom this trait could be followed through six generations. Grossman (1957) and Wadlington (1958) reported smaller affected families, and Ford (1960) me...

The rich structure of the set of dyadic PFW’s has been presented in [6]. As mentioned in [6, Remark 3.7], the subclass of the so called non-W0-frames with various levels of W0-linear independence (denoted by P0,+ in [6]) needs extra attention. The recent observation in [4] on W0-Schauder bases enables us to properly restructure this subclass (P0,+) and to show that it contains a wealth of examp...

This paper is devoted to discuss the energy-momentum for static axially symmetric spacetimes in the framework of teleparallel theory of gravity. For this purpose, we use the teleparallel versions of Einstein, Landau-Lifshitz, Bergmann and Möller prescriptions. A comparison of the results shows that the energy density is different but the momentum turns out to be constant in each prescription. T...

Classical foundations of expected utility were provided by Ramsey, de Finetti, von Neumann and Morgenstern, Anscombe and Aumann, and others. These foundations describe preference conditions to capture the empirical content of expected utility. The assumed preference conditions, however, vary among the models and a unifying idea is not readily transparent. Providing such a unifying idea is the p...

Cognitive theories of religion have postulated several cognitive biases that predispose human minds towards religious belief. However, to date, these hypotheses have not been tested simultaneously and in relation to each other, using an individual difference approach. We used a path model to assess the extent to which several interacting cognitive tendencies, namely mentalizing, mind body duali...