Recent reports have demonstrated that long-term and high dosage treatments with incretin-based medicine, such as hormone glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) may induce thyroid C-cell pathological changes in rodents, rather than in humans. Doubts regarding the tumorigenic potential of GLP-1 analogues in human thyroid C-cells remain. The present study aimed to determine the expression levels of GLP-1...

The spectrum of thyroid cancers ranges from one of the most indolent to one of the most aggressive solid tumors identified. Conventional therapies for thyroid cancers are based on the histologic type of thyroid cancers such as papillary or follicular thyroid cancer (differentiated thyroid cancer (DTC)), medullary thyroid cancer (MTC), or anaplastic thyroid cancer (ATC). While surgery is one of ...

Misfolding and aggregation of amyloid peptides are critical pathological events in numerous protein misfolding diseases (PMDs), such as Alzheimer’s disease (AD), type II diabetes (T2D), medullary thyroid carcinoma (MTC)....

BACKGROUND Metformin is one of the most widely prescribed antidiabetic medications with a favorable safety profile. In the last decade, several studies have reported a TSH-lowering effect of metformin in patients with diabetes mellitus. OBJECTIVE To review literature data on the role of metformin use on thyroid function tests and the course of thyroid cancer. METHODS WE PERFORMED A SEARCH I...

MEN (multiple endocrine neoplasia) type 2 syndrome is an inherited disease characterized by medullary thyroid carcinoma, pheochromocytoma, hyperparathyroidism and/or developmental anomalies. Germ-line mutations of the RET proto-oncogene have recently been identified as the underlying cause of the syndrome. Accordingly, several investigators have advocated prophylactic total thyroidectomy for me...

we report an unusual case of a young male with cerebellar hemangioblastoma treated previously for medullary carcinoma of thyroid, whose pet/ct scans revealed a constellation of findings that suggested the rare von hippel lindau syndrome. the diagnosis was clinched by confirming the findings on whole body contrast enhanced computed tomography (cect) and contrast enhanced magnetic resonance imagi...

The thyroid gland is quite often the target of metastases. For this reason any thyroid nodule in a patient with a previous history of cancer needs to be evaluated. In case of thyroid metastases, the site of the primary tumor is most often the breast, lung or kidney. A thyroid metastasis from a foregut neuroendocrine tumor is very unusual and requires a differential diagnosis with primary neuroe...

Purpose: In thyroid cancer clinical trials, agents targeting VEGF receptors (VEGFR) and RET, among other kinases, have led to partial responses but few complete or durable responses. The RAF–MEK–ERK and PI3K–AKT–mTOR signaling pathways are frequently activated in differentiated and medullary thyroid cancer (DTC and MTC) and may provide therapeutic targets for these diseases. We tested a novel d...

BACKGROUND In 2015, thyroid carcinoma affected approximately 63,000 people in the USA, yet it remains one of the most treatable cancers. It is mainly classified into medullary and non-medullary types. Conventionally, medullary carcinoma was associated with heritability but increasing reports have now begun to associate non-medullary thyroid carcinoma with a genetic predisposition as well. It is...

Differentiated thyroid cancer comprises papillary, mixed papillary-follicular and follicular adenocarcinomas. They are mostly hormone-sensitive and respond to thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) suppression. The standard treatment is total thyroidectomy, (131)I therapy and thyroid hormone suppression therapy. Adjuvant external radiotherapy is discussed controversially. Most authors recommend adju...