This paper explores major trends in visualization of medieval theories of natural and artificial transformation of substances in relation to their philosophical and theological bases. The function of pictorial forms is analyzed in terms of the prevailing conceptions of science and methods of transmitting knowledge. The documents under examination date from the thirteenth to the fifteenth centur...

Abstract The key norm of good science is research integrity, which includes the freedom to inquire as an independent, self-organising system, and responsibility identify, frame, engage in problems society, a scientific manner. This paper investigates challenges integrity experienced by university centres. Research centres are organised around specific problematic fields society expected have so...

Volume 1, The Earth system: physical and chemical dimensions of global environmental change, pp 514–516

quite separate. This had been an historical development deriving from the Viennese influence at the beginning of the century. Which was the better arrangement is difficult to say and this book does not attempt an answer. It deals almost exclusively with military psychiatry and as such is a mine of useful information. However, a lack of trained neurologists is recorded (pp. 250 and 448), and it ...

MDST123 Escaping Purgatory: Music and Devotion in Medieval Europe This course will explore the creative expression of religious belief in the music, poetry, literature, art, and architecture of Medieval Europe. We will begin with the everyday experience of monks, nuns, poets, and street musicians. What role did music play in their lives? Was it limited to religious practice and secular festival...

This paper reviews some of the visualizations employed to represent information during the Middle Ages. It discusses four kinds of of visualizations: rotae, arc diagrams, tables and trees. It considers the historical context underlying early medieval scholarship and how these visualizations were used.

Deeds, or charters, dealing with property rights, provide a continuous documentation which can be used by historians to study the evolution of social, economic and political changes. This study is concerned with charters (written in Latin) dating from the tenth through early fourteenth centuries in England. Of these, at least one million were left undated, largely due to administrative changes ...

Medieval authors approached the semantic phenomenon now known as quantification essentially by means of the concept of supposition, more specifically with the different modes of personal supposition. The modes of personal supposition were meant to codify the quantificational behavior of what we now refer to as quantifier expressions, and what the medievals referred to as syncategorematic terms....

ONE OF THE MOST SIGNIFICANT DEVELOPMENTS in early-medieval northern Britain was the re-emergence of fortified enclosures and settlements. As western England Wales, fort rather than hall formed most prominent material manifestation power an elite their client group. While sites dominate our knowledge form that central places governance took period Britain, historical sources reveal little about ...