background: the success of faculty members of medical sciences universities in medical education arena requires qualification and capabilities authentication in relation with education.  in order to achieve these capabilities, it is necessary to use new and influential approaches of empowerment. one of the appropriate approaches is “competency based training” (cbt). in this method, competencies...

A 66-year-old woman with long-term essential hypertension presentedwith poorly controlled bloodpressure in spiteof six antihypertensive drugs. Percutaneous renal denervation was indicated as a treatment of resistant arterial hypertension. Renal angiography showed ‘strings of beads’ appearance characteristic of fibromuscular dysplasia (FMD) in the mid-segment of the right renal artery (Panel A)....

We have previously described the ARBIB autonomous robot which consists of a mobile platform running a neural network simulator. Unlike most other behaving robots, the neural system is biologically-inspired and operates at the level of individual spikes. Rather than using currently-popular reinforcement learning techniques, ARBIB learns from exposure to its environment via low-level mechanisms o...

the goal of this study was to evaluate word's in–service training of takfa project (development and use of information and communication technology plan) via ministry of jihade agricultural staff perspective. the methodological approach was survey research and the target population was one hundred (100) of staff in jihad agricultural ministry who had attended in word's in–service trai...

introduction: in medical education, ambulatory medicine education especially emergency is the most important part of medical education. aim of this study is the survey of medial students information needs seeking behavior pattern. we expect this study impacts on the clinical education quality, the recognition of students' education needs and better management of patients by medical students. me...

BACKGROUND Development of the foetal period of the meniscus has been reported in different studies. AIMS Evaluation of lateral and medial meniscus development, typing and the relationship of the tibia during the foetal period. STUDY DESIGN Anatomical dissection. METHODS We evaluated 210 knee menisci obtained from 105 human foetuses ranging in age from 9 to 40 weeks' gestation. Foetuses we...

The acquisition and retention of conceptual knowledge is more effective in well-structured curricula that provide an optimal conceptual framework for learning new material. However, the neural mechanisms by which preexisting conceptual schemas facilitate learning are not yet well understood despite their fundamental importance. A preexisting schema has been shown to enhance memory by influencin...

BACKGROUND The anterior cingulate cortex (ACC) and medial thalamus (MT) are two of the main components of the medial pain pathway that subserve the affective aspect of pain. The hypothesis of the present study was that the ACC is involved in short-term aversive information processing and that the MT is critical for encoding unconditioned nociceptive information. The roles of these two component...

The brain activity induced by heroin-related cues may play a role in the maintenance of heroin dependence. Whether the reinforcement or processing biases construct an everlasting feature of heroin addiction remains to be resolved. We used an event-related fMRI paradigm to measure brain activation in response to heroin cue-related pictures versus neutral pictures as the control condition in hero...