Mrs. Gerber’s Lemma (MGL) hinges on the convexity of H(p ∗ H(u)), where H(u) is the binary entropy function. In this work, we prove thatH(p∗f(u)) is convex in u for every p ∈ [0, 1] provided H(f(u)) is convex in u, where f(u) : (a, b) → [0, 1 2 ]. Moreover, our result subsumes MGL and simplifies the original proof. We show that the generalized MGL can be applied in binary broadcast channel to s...

To better understand the metabolism of sulfur-containing amino acids, which likely plays a key role in a variety of cell functions, in Entamoeba histolytica, we searched the genome data base for genes encoding putative orthologs of enzymes known to be involved in the metabolism. The search revealed that E. histolytica possesses only incomplete cysteine-methionine conversion pathways in both dir...

The Lethal giant larvae (Lgl) gene encodes a cortical cytoskeleton protein, Lgl, and is involved in maintaining cell polarity and epithelial integrity. Previously, we observed that Mgl-1, a mammalian homologue of the Drosophila tumor suppressor protein Lgl, is subjected to degradation via ubiquitin-proteasome pathway, and scaffolding protein RanBPM prevents the turnover of the Mgl-1 protein. Co...

Monoacylglycerol lipase (MGL) is a multifunctional serine hydrolase, which terminates anti-nociceptive endocannabinoid signaling and promotes pro-nociceptive prostaglandin signaling. Accordingly, both acute nociception and its sensitization in chronic pain models are prevented by systemic or focal spinal inhibition of MGL activity. Despite its analgesic potential, the neurobiological substrates...

The colonic mucus gel layer (MGL) is a critical component of the innate immune system acting as a physical barrier to microbes, luminal insults, and toxins. Mucins are the major component of the MGL. Selected microbes have the potential to interact with, bind to, and metabolize mucins. The tolerance of the host to the presence of these microbes is critical to maintaining MGL homeostasis. In dis...

Dendritic cells (DCs) sense the microenvironment through several types of receptors recognizing pathogen-associated molecular patterns. In particular, C-type lectins, expressed by distinct subsets of DCs, recognize and internalize specific carbohydrate antigen in a Ca(2+) -dependent manner. Targeting of these receptors is becoming an efficient strategy of delivering antigens in DC-based antican...

the jatropha curcas l., a plant belongs to euphorbiaceae family, which has great economic and medicinally value. there is high amount of oil in seeds of this plant. because of low germination ability of seed, propagation of jatropha curcas via seed is not usual. the purpose of this work is optimizing of jatropha curcas tissue culture for optimization of callus formation and propagation through ...