This paper introduces a new stabilized finite element method based on the finite calculus (Comput. Methods Appl. Mech. Eng. 1998; 151:233–267) and arbitrary Lagrangian–Eulerian techniques (Comput. Methods Appl. Mech. Eng. 1998; 155:235–249) for the solution to free surface problems. The main innovation of this method is the application of an overlapping domain decomposition concept in the state...

The nature of the underlying structures in Taylor-Couette (TC) flow, the flow between two co-axial and independently rotating cylinders is investigated by two methods. First, the quadrant analysis technique for identifying structures with intense radial-azimuthal stresses (also referred to as ‘Q’s) of Lozano-Durán et al., (J. Fluid Mech. 694, 100-130) is used to identify the main structures res...

We investigate the elastic behavior and damage of weakly cemented granular media under external load with ultrasound. The cementation controlled experiments are performed by freezing the capillary liquid at the bead contact in a dense glass or polymeric [poly(methyl methacrylate)] bead pack wet by tetradecane of volume fraction ϕ = 0.1%-4%. When the pendular rings are solidified, an abrupt incr...

The RANS ~Reynolds averaged Navier–Stokes! equations can yield significant error when applied to practical flows involving shock waves. We use the interaction of homogeneous isotropic turbulence with a normal shock to suggest improvements in the k – e model applied to shock/ turbulence interaction. Mahesh et al. @J. Fluid Mech. 334, 353 ~1997!# and Lee et al. @J. Fluid Mech. 340, 22 ~1997!# pre...

BACKGROUND Osteoporosis constitutes a major public health concern and its underlying pathogenesis is complex and multifactorial. Although hereditary factors strongly contribute to bone health, behavioural factors can modulate the genetically determined pattern of skeletal modelling and remodelling. AIM The aim of this study was to investigate the effect(s) of behavioural risk factors on osteo...

A numerical technique for modeling fatigue crack propagation of multiple coplanar cracks is presented. The proposed method couples the extended finite element method (X-FEM) [Int. J. Numer. Meth. Engng. 48 (11) (2000) 1549] to the fast marching method (FMM) [Level Set Methods & Fast Marching Methods: Evolving Interfaces in Computational Geometry, Fluid Mechanics, Computer Vision, and Materials ...

Shock waves in granular gases generated by either a vertically vibrated granular layer or by hitting an obstacle at rest are treated by means of a shock capturing scheme that approximates the Euler equations of granular gas dynamics with an equation of state (EOS), introduced by Goldshtein and Shapiro [ J. Fluid Mech. 282 (1995) 75], that takes into account the inelastic collisions of granules....

The aim of this paper is to derive an integral representation formula for the effective elasticity tensor for a two-component well-ordered composite of elastic materials without using a third reference medium and without assuming the completeness of the eigenspace of the operator Ĝ defined in (2.16) in (J. Mech. Phys. Solids 1984; 32(1):41–62). As shown in (J. Mech. Phys. Solids 1984; 32(1):41–...

The generation of internal gravity waves by tidal flow over topography is an important oceanic process that redistributes tidal energy in the ocean. Internal waves reflect from boundaries, creating harmonics and mixing. We use laboratory experiments and two-dimensional numerical simulations of the Navier–Stokes equations to determine the value of the topographic slope that gives the most intens...

Fibroblast growth factors (FGFs) have been shown to promote the chondrogenic and gliogenic specification of mouse mesencephalic neural crest cells through Notch signaling [Nakanishi, K., Chan, S.Y., Ito, K., 2007. Notch signaling is required for the chondrogenic specification of mouse mesencephalic neural crest cells. Mech. Dev. 124, 190-203; Ijuin, K., Nakanishi, K., Ito, K., 2008. Different d...