Aim To evaluate the effectiveness of resin infiltration on artificial caries lesion by assessing the depth of resin penetration and the change in microhardness of lesion postinfiltration. Materials and methods Totally 45 human extracted premolars were used to create an artificial demineralized lesion in enamel using demineralizing solution. A total of 15 samples (group I) were infiltrated wit...

BACKGROUND Vitamin E-diffused highly cross-linked polyethylene (VEPE) was developed to reduce oxidation without compromising mechanical strength. The purpose of this study was to evaluate VEPE in vivo using radiostereometric analysis (RSA) and patient-reported outcome measures (PROMs). METHODS Fifty-one hips were enrolled. Each patient received a VEPE liner, a porous titanium shell, and an un...

In macro welding-processes, monitoring and closed-loop control by using the so-called “full penetration hole” is well known. This paper reports first results for the transfer of this technology to laser micro-welding processes for lap joints as they are used for housings or fuel cells. The laser source was a 400 W cw fiber laser with a Gaussian beam profile and a spot size of 28 μm. A cellular ...

In 1980 Katz et al. derived a formula for the percentage of successful collisions (PSC) as a quantitative measure of sperm-cervical mucus penetration efficiency. The use of PSC waned after its validity was questioned by reports of values >100% and the observation that PSC varied with the cross-sectional area of the mucus column. The aim of the present study was to develop a more accurate measur...

Knowledge of acoustic arrival angle can be useful for studying penetration mechanisms and for estimating sediment sound speed dispersion. The arrival angle of the acoustic field penetrating the water-sediment interface, however, is difficult to measure using sparsely distributed pressure sensors. The arrival angle, as well as amplitude information, can be unambiguously obtained by measuring par...

Recent experiments have demonstrated that outdoor ozone reacts with materials inside residential building enclosures, potentially reducing indoor exposures to ozone or altering ozone reaction byproducts. However, test methods to measure ozone penetration factors in residences (P) remain limited. We developed a method to measure ozone penetration factors in residences under infiltration conditio...

The purpose of this study was to determine how accurately periodontal probes measure connective tissue attachment levels in beagle dogs with (1) clinically healthy gingivae, (2) experimental gingivitis, and (3) periodontitis. In the healthy and experimental gingivitis specimens the probes were inserted with a standardized force of 25 ponds. In periodontitis specimens the probes were inserted wi...

our primary objective was to measure root canal penetrations of aqueous antibacterial nano-chitosan (nano-cs), for the first time. the second objective was to compare and contrast such penetrations to those of chitosan (cs) itself, as well as sodium hypochlorite (naocl), chlorhexidine (chx) and ethylenediamintetraacetic acid (edta), at the routinely used concentrations. molar roots were split l...

A skilled welder determines the weld joint penetration from his/her observation of the weld pool surface during the welding process. This paper addresses the characterization of the 3D weld pool surface in gas tungsten arc welding (GTAW), i.e., extracting a set of characteristic parameters from the 3D weld pool surface to determine the backside bead width that measures the degree of weld joint ...